Unified System of Legal Instruments Aimed at the Response to and the Recovery of the Major Industrial Accidents

Abstract

The Hungarian legal regulations on industrial safety which came into force on 1st January 2012 cover the tasks related to the protection of major industrial accidents in which dangerous substances are involved. The tasks and measures arising from the implementation of the legal regulations can be divided into three groups: the prevention and preparedness period, the (emergency) response period and the recovery period. In the article, the author deals with the unified system of legal instruments and tools established in the field of response to and recovery of the major industrial accidents in Hungary.

Advanced and combined utilisation of geographic information technologies in industrial disaster remediation : Simulation with the red mud disaster of Kolontár

“…When successful, disaster-risk management efforts aim to reduce the effects of hazards, through activities and measures related to prevention, mitigation, and preparedness [10]. According to Kátai-Urbán [11] the execution of the protection tasks against major accidents is basically divided into three periods: the period of prevention and preparation, the period of defence (emergency management) and the period of restoration with the elimination of the consequences Response: response is addressing all the actions to be taken once an accident has occurred or there is an imminent threat of an accident, including mitigating adverse effects on health, the environment and property. Examples include the informing of the public and authorities concerned, dispatching emergency services, conducting detailed analysis and assessments of environmental and health impacts, and coordinating incoming assistance [12].…”

“…( 10) Optimization gathers all the efforts which are taken at any phase of the removal or remedial response to identify and implement specific actions that improve the effectiveness and cost efficiency of that phase" [42]. (11) Optimization review considers the goals of the remedy, available site data, the conceptual site model (CSM), remedy performance and exit strategy. Optimization review activities include: examining site documents, interviewing site stakeholders, potentially visiting the site, evaluating site data, developing findings and recommendations and compiling a report for the purposes of project documentation and technology transfer [43].…”

“…The model is a simplified representation of reality where the modelling features and their characteristics were selected to ensure the efficiency of the model. (11) The planning itself was design to ensure the spatial accuracy with efficiency of the spatial coverage (pattern chosen), with optimization of the footprint number (with the three geoprocessing tools developed (exact orientation, 90-degree rotation, shift)).…”