Uniformity, Experimentalism, and the Unfulfilled Promise of Differentiated Integration in EU Regulation of GMOs: Which Way Forward?

Dąbrowska-Kłosińska, Patrycja

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4028850

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In an attempt to overcome this difficult situation, in 2015, Member States were allowed to opt-out from centralised authorisation for cultivation of GM crops by the EC—effectively granting them the possibility to ban crops on other than health or environmental safety reasons ( European Parliament and Council, 2015 ). However, in the absence of a significant effect of this most recent measure, the EU system was criticised by some as not fit for purpose or even as failed ( Dabrowska-Klosinska, 2022 ). Still, it was not clear how to proceed.…”

Section: How So-far Non-adopters Of Gm Plants Have Respondedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards social acceptability of genome-edited plants in industrialised countries? Emerging evidence from Europe, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan

et al. 2022

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The agricultural biotechnology world has been divided into two blocks; countries adopting GM crops for commercial cultivation (adopters) and others without any or without relevant cultivation of such crops (non-adopters). Meanwhile, an increasing number of adopter countries have exempted certain genome-edited (GE) crops from legal GMO pre-market approval and labelling requirements. Among them are major exporters of agricultural commodities such as United States, Canada, and Australia. Due to the relaxed legislation more GE plants are expected to enter the market soon. Many countries in the non-adopter group, however, depend on import of large volumes of agricultural commodities from adopter countries. Unlike first generation GM, certain GE crops cannot be identified as unambiguously originating from genome editing using available techniques. Consequently, pressure is mounting on non-adopter jurisdictions to reconsider their policies and legislations. Against this backdrop, the paper explores recent developments relevant for social acceptability in selected non-adopters, Japan, New Zealand, the EU, Norway, and Switzerland in contrast to United States, Canada, and Australia. While Japan is already opening-up and Norway and Switzerland are discussing revisions of their policies, the EU and New Zealand are struggling with challenges resulting from high court decisions. In an attempt to take a closer look into the inner dynamics of these developments, the concept of social acceptability proposed by Wüstenhagen et al. (Energy Policy, 2007, 35(5), 2683–2691) is employed. This aids the understanding of developments in the jurisdictions considered and identifies specific or cross-cutting challenges.

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Section: How So-far Non-adopters Of Gm Plants Have Respondedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards social acceptability of genome-edited plants in industrialised countries? Emerging evidence from Europe, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan

et al. 2022

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“… 1. Such opt-outs or derogations from EU-wide rules may be based on secondary legislation as well as Treaty provisions. A high-profile example is the 2015 amendment of the Deliberate Release Directive, which empowers member states to opt out from cultivation on their territory of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) authorized at the EU level (Dąbrowska-Kłosińska, 2022). …”

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confidence: 99%

EU regulation between uniformity, differentiation, and experimentalism: Electricity and banking compared

Zeitlin

Rangoni

2022

European Union Politics

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How far and under what conditions may experimentalist governance be an efficient and legitimate means of responding to diversity among EU member states, in comparison to both conventional uniform regulation and differentiated integration? By comparing two major domains where the challenge of integrating national diversity has arisen prominently, electricity and banking, we find that under conditions of high interdependence and high uncertainty, diachronic experimentalism may be a necessary condition for synchronic uniformity. Uniform rules can be accepted as efficient and legitimate by member states, provided that they are regularly revised based on implementation experience through deliberative review processes in which national officials themselves participate. Our findings on EU banking regulation further suggest that experimentalist governance and differentiated integration may also be complementary, but asymmetrically so, in that the latter depends on the former to accommodate diversity within and across member states, but not vice versa.

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Uniformity, Experimentalism, and the Unfulfilled Promise of Differentiated Integration in EU Regulation of GMOs: Which Way Forward?

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Towards social acceptability of genome-edited plants in industrialised countries? Emerging evidence from Europe, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan

Towards social acceptability of genome-edited plants in industrialised countries? Emerging evidence from Europe, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan

EU regulation between uniformity, differentiation, and experimentalism: Electricity and banking compared

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