Uniformity of organellar DNA in Aldrovanda vesiculosa, an endangered aquatic carnivorous species, distributed across four continents

Elansary, Hosam O.; Adamec, Lubomír; Štorchová, Helena

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.12.002

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, further research is required to elucidate the potentially cryptic impacts of A. vesiculosa on ecosystem functioning, in particular its effect on local invertebrate communities. If these impacts prove to be minor, carefully managed assisted dispersal in some regions may represent a viable conservation tool given the apparent lack of genetic variation present between A. vesiculosa populations globally (Maldonado San Martin et al, 2003;Elansary, Adamec & Storchova, 2010). Introductions at a number of locations where A. vesiculosa historically did not occur in Europe appear to have resulted in stable, persistent populations (Adamec & Lev, 1999;Adamec, 2005;Cross, 2012a), and may offer places of refuge to a species which otherwise appears to be on a trajectory towards extinction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population ecology of the endangered aquatic carnivorous macrophyte Aldrovanda vesiculosa at a naturalised site in North America

et al. 2015

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Summary Aldrovanda vesiculosa is an aquatic carnivorous plant native to nutrient impoverished wetland systems in Australia, Africa, Asia, and continental Europe that has declined dramatically throughout its native range in the last century. A strong reliance upon carnivory generally limits its occurrence to specific, nutrient‐poor, island‐like microhabitats. Remaining native populations are generally small and fragmented, and empirical population ecology data for the species arelacking. Developing an understanding of the constraints to growth, establishment and reproduction in A. vesiculosa is crucial to conservation of the species. In contrast with the decline of the species throughout its native range, a number of large A. vesiculosa populations have become naturalised in North America. This study examines the population ecology of A. vesiculosa at one of these naturalised sites and assesses the species' potential invasiveness in terms of its ecological characteristics. Transect and quadrat surveys were used to determine the response of morphology, fecundity and spatial distribution to putative biotic and environmental variables, with glasshouse trials and a bird feeding experiment employed to test the persistence of seeds in the seed bank and after transport in bird guts. Although A. vesiculosa is capable of becoming locally abundant (up to 1260 individuals m−2) in wetland areas where biotic and abiotic conditions are optimal, it appears to compete poorly with floating and emergent macrophytes and is limited predominantly to specific microhabitats. The ecological characteristics of A. vesiculosa suggest that it poses a low invasion risk. The species' growth and reproductive potential are highest in shallow areas harbouring loose vegetation assemblages, with over two thirds of all individuals recorded from water 10–50 cm in depth and in areas with <50% native macrophyte cover. Seeds are unlikely to play a significant role in seasonal persistence or dispersal, with poor floral success (c. 10%), few seeds produced, low seed viability (<50%) throughout the study area and no seeds recovered from the sediment seed bank or recovered from bird faeces following gut transport. The stenotopic ecology of A. vesiculosa, and the continuing decline of dystrophic freshwater wetlands globally, indicate that remaining natural populations are highly sensitive and are likely to decline rapidly without adequate management. In addition to wetland management at the catchment scale to mitigate processes such as eutrophication, future conservation and reintroduction initiatives for A. vesiculosa must focus particularly on the identification, maintenance and restoration of optimal shallow humic microsites harbouring loose, open assemblages of emergent and floating macrophytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population ecology of the endangered aquatic carnivorous macrophyte Aldrovanda vesiculosa at a naturalised site in North America

et al. 2015

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“…20 000 plants) is larger than most sampled field sites and inbreeding is not considered to be a significant issue given the highly clonal nature of natural A. vesiculosa populations (Adamec, ; Adamec & Kovářová, ; Cross, ; Cross et al ., ). Additionally, previous studies have suggested that A. vesiculosa possesses extremely low levels of genetic variation within and between populations (Maldonado San Martin et al ., ; Elansary et al ., , A. T. Cross et al ., unpubl. data).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example of a rare carnivorous species with a rapidly diminishing natural range requiring urgent conservation and management is Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Droseraceae), a rootless submerged carnivorous macrophyte with a disjunct global distribution (Elansary, Adamec & Štorchová, ; Cross, ). The only species known to have evolved snap‐trap carnivory in the aquatic environment, A. vesiculosa has intrigued botanists since its discovery in 1696 (Darwin, ; Cross, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed reproductive biology of the rare aquatic carnivorous plantAldrovanda vesiculosa(Droseraceae)

et al. 2016

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Despite the unprecedented global decline in extant populations of Aldrovanda vesiculosa in the last century, little is known about the reproductive biology of this iconic aquatic carnivorous plant. This study aimed to investigate the role of seed-based reproduction in the ecology of A. vesiculosa, with particular focus on the interplay between the regulation of seed dormancy by temperature cues and the efficacy of exogenous ethylene gas to act as a germination stimulant, the desiccation capacity and long-term storage potential of seeds for conservation purposes. Sexual reproduction appears to be extremely limited in both natural and naturalized populations across three continents, with high variability in the success of flowering and seed set between sites and between seasons. Overall, flowering yielded few fertile fruit (6-19% of flowers producing fertile fruit) and seed viability was variable but generally low (29-88%). Fecundity appears to be influenced by seasonal climatic conditions and microhabitat characteristics. Aldrovanda vesiculosa possesses physiologically dormant seeds, with germination stimulated by exposure to ethylene gas (>90% germination) at 25°C. Seeds appear sensitive to desiccation and sub-zero temperature storage, with no germination and markedly reduced embryo growth after storage of seeds for >1 month at 15°C and 15% relative humidity or after short-term (24 h) storage at À18°C. In the absence of significant conservation and restoration initiatives, the continuing decline of dystrophic freshwater wetland habitats globally leaves A. vesiculosa facing extinction. As the successful long-term storage of seeds appears unfeasible based on the approaches described in this study, other alternatives for germplasm conservation such as cryostorage of vegetative tissues or zygotic embryos must be considered for establishing long-term ex situ collections of critical germplasm.

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“…Other applications of polyphenols had been discovered, such as anticancer agents [4][5][6][7], and food preservatives [8]. The biological activities of polyphenols as antioxidants are related to the ability to scavenge free radicals and the modulation of metal chelation reactions [4,9]. Polyphenols activate the detoxification enzymes and reduce free radicals [4,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biological activities of polyphenols as antioxidants are related to the ability to scavenge free radicals and the modulation of metal chelation reactions [4,9]. Polyphenols activate the detoxification enzymes and reduce free radicals [4,9]. The antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of polyphenols against cancer cells is attributed to the control of cell cycle arrest, as well as the molecular regulation of cancer related genes [4,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saudi Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum L. Polyphenols and Biological Activities

et al. 2020

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Investigating the polyphenolic profile of natural Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum populations may reveal essential compounds that have biological activities. Natural populations of R. officinalis and O. basilicum in Northern Riyadh were investigated by HPLC-DAD analyses. Several polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid, gentisic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, rutoside, and others, out of 38 screened were confirmed. Rosmarinic acid was the major polyphenol in both of R. officinalis and O. basilicum. R. officinalis methanolic leaf extracts contained other phenols such as gentisic acid while O. basilicum contained also 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside as well as others. R. officinalis showed higher antioxidant activities than O. basilicum using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching assays. These higher activities are associated with a higher composition of rosmarinic acid in leaf extracts. The antioxidant activities of O. basilicum were attributed to identified phenols of rosmarinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and rutoside. There were antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of leaf extracts, as well as identified polyphenols, against several cancer cells. These activities were attributed to the accumulation of necrotic and apoptotic cells in treated cancer cells with leaf extracts as well as identified polyphenols. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extracts were mainly attributed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside in O. basilicum and rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in R. officinalis. This study proved that R. officinalis and O. basilicum natural populations might be considered as promising sources of natural polyphenols with biological activities.

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Uniformity of organellar DNA in Aldrovanda vesiculosa, an endangered aquatic carnivorous species, distributed across four continents

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Population ecology of the endangered aquatic carnivorous macrophyte Aldrovanda vesiculosa at a naturalised site in North America

Population ecology of the endangered aquatic carnivorous macrophyte Aldrovanda vesiculosa at a naturalised site in North America

Seed reproductive biology of the rare aquatic carnivorous plantAldrovanda vesiculosa(Droseraceae)

Saudi Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum L. Polyphenols and Biological Activities

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