Uniformly Distributed Near-Field Probing Array for Enhancing the Performance of 5G Millimeter-Wave Beamforming Transmitters

Cao, Yushi; Ayed, Ahmed Ben; Xia, Jingjing; Boumaiza, Slim

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2021.3067168

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For instance, dual-input DPD schemes were proposed in [1]- [4] to linearize PAs in a 4-element digital beamforming LSMA operating at the sub-6 GHz band. Alternatively, lower complexity SISO DPD schemes have demonstrated interesting linearization capacity when applied to LSMA front-ends driven with 5G signals and operating at sub-6 GHz [5]- [10] or mmwave signals [11]- [16]. To train the underlying DPD functions, the above-mentioned schemes used feedback signals that were either (i) sampled at the PA outputs using dedicated transmitter observation receivers (TOR) [7], [10], FIGURE 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Predistortion of Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Beamforming Transmitters Using Observation Receivers With Low-Bit Resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter

Ayed

Mitran

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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This paper proposes a new digital predistortion (DPD) scheme for linearizing millimeterwave hybrid beamforming transmitters using observation receivers with low-bit resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). To train the DPD function required to compensate for the distortions exhibited by a given sub-array (also called main sub-array), an error signal is produced by out-of-phase combining the main subarray transmitted signal and the one generated by another sub-array (also called auxiliary sub-array) using anti-beamforming modules. The error signal is then frequency down-converted and digitized using a lowbit resolution ADC. Proof-of-concept validation experiments are conducted by applying the proposed DPD system to linearize an off-the-shelf hybrid-beamforming array comprised of four 64-element sub-arrays, operating at 28 GHz and driven with up to 800 MHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulated signals. Using the proposed DPD scheme, an observation receiver with a 4-bit ADC was sufficient to improve the adjacent channel power ratio by 10 dB and the error vector magnitude was reduced from 5.8% to 1.6%. These results are similar to those obtained using an observation receiver with 16-bit ADC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) extracted using an anti-beamforming TOR module that generates a far-field equivalent signal [11], (iii) captured using a far-field probing antenna [7], [12], [17], or (iv) using near-field probing antennas [14]- [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Predistortion of Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Beamforming Transmitters Using Observation Receivers With Low-Bit Resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter

Ayed

Mitran

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…By adjusting the phase distribution, the resulting interference pattern can be directed in a desired direction, achieving beam steering capabilities. Digital beamforming involves Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) for signal processing which is a highly adaptable approach for generating separate steerable multiple beams (Cao et al, 2021). In literature researchers (Cao et al, 2021) (Liu et al, 2022) (Liao et al, 2015) have accomplished beam steering using array antenna technology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digital beamforming involves Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) for signal processing which is a highly adaptable approach for generating separate steerable multiple beams (Cao et al, 2021). In literature researchers (Cao et al, 2021) (Liu et al, 2022) (Liao et al, 2015) have accomplished beam steering using array antenna technology. Digital beamforming consists of massive antenna arrays that operate as a powerful tool to fulfil some of the most difficult required features of forthcoming wireless transmission networks, specifically in rich spreading conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

A review of beamforming microstrip patch antenna array for future 5G/6G networks

Saeed,

Nwajana

2024

Front. Mech. Eng.

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With the increase in demand for high data rates and high bandwidth because of multiple users all over the globe, the technology has moved toward the next-generation of wireless communication. This rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies has led to the emergence of 5G networks, which promise significantly higher data rates, lower latency, and enhanced connectivity. Researchers believe that five essential techniques can enable 5G. Beamforming is one of those essentials, as it plays a vital role in achieving reliable and high-capacity communication. This review article portrays a comprehensive analysis of the 5G beamformer Microstrip Patch Antenna array techniques for communication systems. The paper comprises of a deep overview of the fundamental concepts and principles of beamforming, including analog, hybrid, and digital beamforming techniques. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and discusses their suitability for 5G applications. An in-depth examination of various beamforming techniques employed in 5G, encompassing traditional beamforming, massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output beamforming, hybrid beamforming, and adaptive beamforming. The discussion encompasses the strengths, weaknesses, and performance trade-offs of each technique, along with their applicability in diverse deployment scenarios and applications. The review of multiple couplers that are used for the feeding of the antenna is discussed with included hybrid coupler, Wilkinson power divider, branch line coupler, and butler matrix in beamformer smart antenna for 5G/6G communications. Numerous beamforming techniques are compared based on their merits, demerits, and applications. Moreover, the dielectric substrate utilized to design the beamformer was also reviewed. The findings presented in this paper serve as a valuable resource for the researcher, scholars, and engineers working in the field of 5G wireless communications and antenna designing, facilitating the development and deployment of efficient and robust beamforming solutions for future 5G networks.

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Orthogonal Coded Spread Spectrum Digital Beamforming-Based 5G Receiver

Biswas

Sil²,

Bera

et al. 2022

Arab J Sci Eng

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Uniformly Distributed Near-Field Probing Array for Enhancing the Performance of 5G Millimeter-Wave Beamforming Transmitters

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Digital Predistortion of Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Beamforming Transmitters Using Observation Receivers With Low-Bit Resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter

Digital Predistortion of Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Beamforming Transmitters Using Observation Receivers With Low-Bit Resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter

A review of beamforming microstrip patch antenna array for future 5G/6G networks

Orthogonal Coded Spread Spectrum Digital Beamforming-Based 5G Receiver

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