2020
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202038232
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Unifying low- and high-mass star formation through density-amplified hubs of filaments

Abstract: Context. Star formation takes place in giant molecular clouds, resulting in mass-segregated young stellar clusters composed of Sun-like stars, brown dwarfs, and massive O-type(50–100 M⊙) stars. Aims. We aim to identify candidate hub-filament systems (HFSs) in the Milky Way and examine their role in the formation of the highest mass stars and star clusters. Methods. The Herschel survey HiGAL has catalogued about 105 clumps. Of these, approximately 35 000 targets are detected at the 3σ level in a minimum of four… Show more

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Cited by 117 publications
(180 citation statements)
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References 134 publications
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“…The hub itself is found to be a complex network of intertwined, very dense, short filaments and coincide with the dense cluster of young stars in the embedded cluster. This view of the hub as a close network of dense filaments stands in contrast to currently pervading ideas that hubs are similar to massive clumps 3 . Even though matter can be transported and fed to the stars inside the hub through longitudinal flows, in the new view, whether a star will benefit from it and gain mass depends on whether the star is embedded inside one of the dense filaments within the hub network.…”
contrasting
confidence: 70%
“…The hub itself is found to be a complex network of intertwined, very dense, short filaments and coincide with the dense cluster of young stars in the embedded cluster. This view of the hub as a close network of dense filaments stands in contrast to currently pervading ideas that hubs are similar to massive clumps 3 . Even though matter can be transported and fed to the stars inside the hub through longitudinal flows, in the new view, whether a star will benefit from it and gain mass depends on whether the star is embedded inside one of the dense filaments within the hub network.…”
contrasting
confidence: 70%
“…This is in agreement with the proposed scenario by Kumar et al (2020) that low-mass star formation occurs in filaments, while high-mass star formation occurs in hubs which take longer to assemble. Thus, high-mass protostars are observed to be surrounded by more evolved low-mass protostars.…”
Section: Clustered Star Formationsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…4.2.1). This also supports the theory that star formation occurs at the intersection of filaments/gas hubs, and that the growing massive cores could be fed by fresh matter from/via these filaments (e.g., Myers 2009;Peretto et al 2013;Tigé et al 2017;Kumar et al 2020). However, it is difficult from an observational point of view to observe this possible gas accretion from large to small scales.…”
Section: Clustered Star Formationsupporting
confidence: 81%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…2) The "hub-dominated" group, composed by several starforming (mostly high-density) filaments merging into a highdensity "hub" (e.g., Myers 2009;Peretto et al 2013Peretto et al , 2014Williams et al 2018). These hubs have also been identified to host young star-clusters, suggesting the important role of hubfilament configurations in star-cluster formation (e.g., Schneider et al 2012;Kumar et al 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%