Unifying principles of regeneration I: Epimorphosis versus morphallaxis

Agata, Kiyokazu; Saito, Yumi; Nakajima, Elizabeth

doi:10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00919.x

Cited by 178 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…During tissue regeneration, the blastema is formed in response to wound healing at the amputated surface at the most distal position, so called ''distalization'' (Agata et al, 2007). The lost portion of tissue is reconstructed by ''intercalation,'' which involves recognition of positional disparity between the most distal positional information at the blastema and the pre-existing positional information in the host stump (Agata et al, 2007). The critical difference between longitudinal regeneration and intercalary regeneration is the ''distalization'' process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowfat, a mammalian Lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the Dachsous/Fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration†

Bando

Hamada

Kurita

et al. 2011

Developmental Dynamics

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In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, missing distal parts of amputated legs are regenerated from blastemas based on positional information. The Dachsous/Fat (Ds/Ft) signaling pathway regulates blastema cell proliferation and positional information along the longitudinal axis during leg regeneration. Herein, we show that the Gryllus homologue of Lowfat (Gb'Lft), which modulates Ds/Ft signaling in Drosophila, is involved in leg regeneration. Gb'lft is expressed in regenerating legs, and RNAi against Gb'lft (Gb'lft RNAi ) suppressed blastema cell hyperproliferation caused by Gb'ft RNAi or Gb'ds RNAi but enhanced that caused by Gb'kibra RNAi or Gb'warts RNAi . In Gb'lft RNAi nymphs, missing parts of amputated legs were regenerated, but the length of the regenerated legs was shortened depending on the position of the amputation. Both normal and reversed intercalary regeneration occurred in Gb'lft RNAi nymphs, suggesting that Gb'Lft is involved in blastema cell proliferation and longitudinal leg regeneration under the Ds/Ft signaling pathway, but it is not required for intercalary regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowfat, a mammalian Lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the Dachsous/Fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration†

Bando

Hamada

Kurita

et al. 2011

Developmental Dynamics

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show abstract

“…Interaction of BMP and noggin may have an important role in inducing blastema formation Agata et al 2003). After formation of the blastema, body regionality along the anteriorposterior (A-P) axis is reorganized by A-P intercalation (Kobayashi et al 1999a,b;Orii et al 1999;Agata et al 2003Agata et al , 2007, and the brain rudiment is formed in the anterior blastema. After formation of the brain rudiment, the regenerating brain starts to undergo pattern formation (step 3), in which the expression of three different otd/Otx -related genes is detected 36 hours after amputation (Umesono et al 1997).…”

Section: The Regeneration Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain regeneration from pluripotent stem cells in planarian

Agata

Umesono

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

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How can planarians regenerate their brain? Recently we have identified many genes critical for this process. Brain regeneration can be divided into five steps: (1) anterior blastema formation, (2) brain rudiment formation, (3) pattern formation, (4) neural network formation, and (5) functional recovery. Here we will describe the structure and process of regeneration of the planarian brain in the first part, and then introduce genes involved in brain regeneration in the second part. Especially, we will speculate about molecular events during the early steps of brain regeneration in this review. The finding providing the greatest insight thus far is the discovery of the nou-darake (ndk; 'brains everywhere' in Japanese) gene, since brain neurons are formed throughout the entire body as a result of loss of function of the ndk gene. This finding provides a clue for elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying brain regeneration. Here we describe the molecular action of the nou-darake gene and propose a new model to explain brain regeneration and restriction in the head region of the planarians.

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“…Altogether, these studies have illustrated a few mechanistic commonalities and differences involved in regeneration of complex structures. These are detailed below: 1) Distalization followed by intercalation - Agata et al (2007) proposed that a common phenomenon shared amongst complex regenerative events, be it a newt limb or the entire head of a polyp or a planarian, was the initiation of regenerative deployment by establishment of the most distal structure first (distalization) followed by a subsequent expansion of the structures in between (intercalation). This view contrasts from previous models in which the regenerative process was thought to take place as a progression from proximal to distal, akin to a mason laying bricks to build a wall.…”

Section: Labib Rouhana and Junichi Tasakimentioning

confidence: 99%

A primer on regeneration

Rouhana

Tasaki

2015

Preprint

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Centuries of observation have uncovered a diverse range of organisms capable of overcoming loss of tissue. The act of restoring lost anatomy and function is known as regeneration, and it is broadly represented in both plant and animal kingdoms. Cumulative studies have identified a series of events that take place during regeneration of complex animal structures. First, the organism recognizes damage and undergoes wound healing. Then, programmed cell death in the vicinity of the damaged tissue precedes proliferation and migration of cells that foster the development of replacement tissue. Finally, rearrangement of pre-existing tissue and integration with newly differentiated cells take place to restore the function and proportionality displayed previous to damage . Although the ability to regenerate is believed to be ancestrally common and lost throughout evolution, there is significant heterogeneity of some basic mechanisms displayed during regeneration in different animal species. Perhaps one of the most noticeable differences is the cellular source contributing to formation of the new tissue during regeneration. Organisms such as planarians and Hydra rely on active reservoirs of somatic pluripotent stem cells abundantly distributed throughout their bodies and maintained throughout their life. On the other hand, vertebrates rely mostly on progenitor cell activation and dedifferentiation, to regenerate cells with limited potential to regenerate specific structures. However, not all regenerative events rely on cellular replacement. Leading edge research has begun to uncover mechanisms involved in autonomous repair and functional regeneration of single cells – be it neurons or ciliated protozoa. The fact that organisms can achieve regeneration through diverse cellular sources is remarkable, but just as remarkable is the possibility that conserved molecular pathways could be activated to achieve regeneration in different species. Analysis of these pathways will contribute to understanding human development and potential avenues for regenerative medicine.

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Unifying principles of regeneration I: Epimorphosis versus morphallaxis

Cited by 178 publications

References 38 publications

Lowfat, a mammalian Lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the Dachsous/Fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration†

Lowfat, a mammalian Lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the Dachsous/Fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration†

Brain regeneration from pluripotent stem cells in planarian

A primer on regeneration

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