Unilateral Ablation of Pre-Bötzinger Complex Disrupts Breathing during Sleep but Not Wakefulness

McKay, Leanne C.; Feldman, Jack L.

doi:10.1164/rccm.200712-1901oc

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Central apneas can also occur as a result of reflex-elicited arrest of the central respiratory rhythm generator (100), or its dysfunction (330,331,349,546), as well as during apneustic states generated experimentally (299) or resulting from neurological and developmental disorders such as Rett Syndrome (253).…”

Section: Upper Airway Motor Control In Central Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of the Upper Airway: Integrative Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance for Sleep Disordered Breathing

Horner

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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The various neural mechanisms affecting the control of the upper airway muscles are discussed in this review, with particular emphasis on structure-function relationships and integrative physiological motor-control processes. Particular foci of attention include the respiratory function of the upper airway muscles, and the various reflex mechanisms underlying their control, specifically the reflex responses to changes in airway pressure, reflexes from pulmonary receptors, chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes, and postural effects on upper airway motor control. This article also addresses the determinants of upper airway collapsibility and the influence of neural drive to the upper airway muscles, and the influence of common drugs such as ethanol, sedative hypnotics, and opioids on upper airway motor control. In addition to an examination of these basic physiological mechanisms, consideration is given throughout this review as to how these mechanisms relate to integrative function in the intact normal upper airway in wakefulness and sleep, and how they may be involved in the pathogenesis of clinical problems such obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea.

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Section: Upper Airway Motor Control In Central Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of the Upper Airway: Integrative Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance for Sleep Disordered Breathing

Horner

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…It also highlights the potential insights that can be gained by comparative functional studies between the locomotor and respiratory CPGs with respect to the cellular organization of motor networks in the CNS. Other groups have taken the approach of probing these circuits using genes that are either expressed in the hindbrain rhombomeres from which these CPGs develop or in populations of putative respiratory interneurons (Gray et al , 2001; McKay and Feldman, 2008; Tan et al , 2008; Abbott et al , 2009; Dubreuil et al , 2009; Thoby-Brisson et al , 2009). For example, studies analyzing Phox2b mutant mice have revealed a key role for parafacial/retrotrapezoid nucleus in chemosensitivity (Dubreuil et al , 2009).…”

Section: Genetically-defined Interneuronal Populations That Shape Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic dissection of rhythmic motor networks in mice

Grossmann

Giraudin

Britz

et al. 2010

Progress in Brain Research

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Simple motor behaviors such as locomotion and respiration involve rhythmic and coordinated muscle movements that are generated by central pattern generator (CPG) networks in the spinal cord and hindbrain. These CPG networks produce measurable behavioral outputs, and thus represent ideal model systems for studying the operational principles that the nervous system uses to produce specific behaviors. Recent advances in our understanding of the transcriptional code that controls neuronal development have provided an entry point into identifying and targeting distinct neuronal populations that make up locomotor CPG networks in the spinal cord. This has spurred the development of new genetic approaches to dissect and manipulate neuronal networks both in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Here we discuss how the advent of molecular genetics together with anatomical and physiological methods has begun to revolutionize studies of the neuronal networks controlling rhythmic motor behaviors in mice. Keywordslocomotion; respiration; spinal cord; CPG; interneuron; mouse genetics Rhythmic motor outputs such as locomotion, respiration and mastication are, in their simplest forms, highly stereotyped motor behaviors. In fish and tadpoles locomotion primarily consists of repetitive lateral bending movements of the axis, which are produced by waves of contraction and relaxation that propagate rostrocaudally along the body axis. In contrast, terrestrial vertebrates propel themselves by flexing and extending their limbs. This more complex mode of locomotion requires extensive coordination between the forelimbs and hindlimbs on each side of the animal and between individual limb joints. The additional demands of land-based locomotion appear to have driven the evolutionary elaboration of the spinal motor circuitry in terrestrial vertebrates, both in terms of numbers and types of neurons, as well as sensory and supraspinal connectivity. In higher vertebrates, the spinal locomotor system has thus evolved into a highly dynamic network that produces a varied and flexible array of motor outputs in response to sensory feedback pathways and descending influences from rubrospinal, reticulospinal, vestibulospinal and corticospinal pathways. Rhythmic motor circuits in the hindbrain and spinal cordThe core neuronal networks that control rhythmic respiratory and locomotor motor behaviors reside in the hindbrain and spinal cord, respectively. These CPG networks generate simple organized motor rhythms in an autonomous manner. Initial efforts to Correspondence to M.G.: goulding@salk.edu decipher the general organization of these simple motor CPGs in vertebrates relied heavily on electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches. Such efforts were greatly aided by the development of in vitro hindbrain-spinal cord preparations in neonatal rodents (Kudo and Yamada, 1987;Smith and Feldman, 1987). In addition to enabling investigators to localize two rhythmic CPGs in the medulla that drive respiratory movements, the preBötzinger complex and parafac...

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“…Opiate-sensitive neurons in the preBötC are active during inspiration, whereas opiate-insensitive neurons in the RTN/pFRG are active during expiration. Recent work has shown that unilateral ablation of the preBötC in rats leads to disrupted breathing during sleep but not wakefulness [34,35]. The output of respiratory motoneurons is therefore dependent upon the complex interaction of peripheral and central chemoreceptors interacting with the pattern generators.…”

Section: Basic Physiology Of Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%