Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia: A Thee-Dimensional CBCT Morphometric and Volumetric Evaluation of Mandibular Condyle by Open-Source Softwares

Abstract

Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) is an alteration of the mandibular condyle growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate condyle volume, surface area, and Morphological Index (MI) differences between the affected condyle and an unaffected one in patients with UCH, evaluated through 3D reconstructions cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images by two open-source softwares. A retrospective cross-sectional study of 16 patients with a certain UCH, 9 females and 7 males with mean age 25.13 ± 6.8 years was made. The image obtained from the CBCT of each condyle were reconstructed using the open-source software 3D SLICER 4.6 ®. The volumetric and area measurements of the 3D reconstruction of the mandibular condyle were made using the open-source software NETFABB basic 5.0 ®. The mean condylar volume of the hyperplastic condyles was 2.07 ± 1.51 cm 3 and the non-hyperplastic condyles was 1.16 ± 0.82 cm 3 (p<0.05). The mean area surface of the hyperplastic condyle was 11.77 ± 3.71 cm 2 and the non-hyperplasic condyle mean was 8.05 ± 2.17 cm 2 (p < 0.05). The mean area surface difference was 3.72 ± 3.57 cm2 (28.0 %). The MI of the hyperplastic condyle was 1.8 ± 0.3 mm and the non-affected condyle was 1.3 ± 0.6 mm (p < 0.05). The use of open-source software for 3D reconstruction with manual segmentation for evaluation of the volume and the condylar surface is a valid tool available to the clinic in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with condylar hyperplasia.

Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement and Generalized Joint Hypermobility in Growing Patients: A Cross-Sectional Magnetic Resonance Image Study

“…Several studies have investigated the etiopathogenesis of DD, including macro-and microtrauma in the joint, lack of muscle coordination, changes in TMJ lubrication, postural disorders, stress, and depression [11,14,15]. Likewise, the anatomical and functional changes of the osseous structures of the TMJ have been associated with disc displacement [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Joint hypermobility has also been associated with DD [23][24][25].…”