Unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, is it an amblyogenic factor?

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS:To evaluate the refractive status, axial length, and prevalence of amblyopia among Saudi children with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (UCNLDO) compared to the unaffected fellow eye.METHODS:A retrospective chart review was performed for children with UCNLDO at two eye institutes in Eastern Saudi Arabia from 2009 to 2015. The outcomes of syringing determined UNCLDO. The risk factors for amblyopia were defined as anisometropia of (spherical equivalent) >1.5 D, hyperopia >3.5 D, myopia >3.0 D, astigmatism >1.5 D at 90° or 180°, >1.0 D, any manifest strabismus, any media opacity >1 mm, or ptosis 1 mm or less margin reflex distance 1 along with blunting of vision in that eye. Matched-pair analysis was performed to correlate variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS:We included 39 children with UNCLDO. The mean axial length was 21.4 ± 1.3 mm for the eyes with UCNLDO and 21.6 ± 1.0 mm for the fellow eye (P = 0.4). Hyperopia >+2 D was present in 17 (44%) eyes with UCNLDO and none of the fellow eyes. None of the participants had strabismus.CONCLUSION:Axial length and risk factors of amblyopia such as anisometropia, hyperopia, and strabismus were not associated with UCNLDO. UCNLDO is likely an isolated defect.

Microbiological isolates and associated complications of dacryocystitis and canaliculitis in a prominent tertiary ophthalmic teaching hospital in northern China

“…Additionally, children between the ages of 1 and 10 years demonstrated a heightened incidence of the condition. The incidence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in neonates is approximately 5%, with over 90% of affected children experiencing spontaneous resolution without specific treatment within one year [ 16 ]. In cases of severe CNLDO, lacrimal passage irrigation or topical antibiotics may be utilized, although there is no consensus on the optimal timing for intervention [ 11 ].…”

Visual acuity in children with congenital changes in the organ of vision

“…Wrodzona niedrożność dróg łzowych może być kolejną przyczyną zaburzeń widzenia, nie zawsze dostrzeganą w porę, która dotyczy 5-20% dzieci [7,8]. Nieleczona powoduje zalega-nie łez i często wydzieliny śluzowej i/lub ropnej na powierzchni rogówki lub gałki ocznej, co może zaburzać prawidłowy rozwój gałki ocznej, a także sprzyjać powstaniu niedowidzenia i wady refrakcji [7,8].…”

“…Wrodzona niedrożność dróg łzowych może być kolejną przyczyną zaburzeń widzenia, nie zawsze dostrzeganą w porę, która dotyczy 5-20% dzieci [7,8]. Nieleczona powoduje zalega-nie łez i często wydzieliny śluzowej i/lub ropnej na powierzchni rogówki lub gałki ocznej, co może zaburzać prawidłowy rozwój gałki ocznej, a także sprzyjać powstaniu niedowidzenia i wady refrakcji [7,8]. W pierwszych tygodniach życia, w okresie krytycznego rozwoju widzenia, nadmierny menisk i film łzowy oraz wydzielina zapalna leżąca na rogówce zmieniają moc optyczną przedniej powierzchni gałki ocznej, mogącą skutkować powstaniem wady refrakcji i różnowzroczności z wtórnym niedowidzeniem.…”

Success rates of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction at various ages

“…Also, when pressure is applied over the lacrimal sac, a reflux of mucoid or mucopurulent material from the punctum is observed. Sometimes, the residual debris undergoes a bacterial infection leading to purulent conjunctivitis [3,[15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…Several authors have confirmed an increased risk for anisometropia and amblyopia in patients with CNLDO (especially long-term untreated obstructions) [22][23][24][25]. However, the effect of long-term epiphora on visual development in children is debatable and some studies reported no significant differences between children with CNLDO and general population [17,26,27].…”