2016
DOI: 10.3354/dao03056
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Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

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Cited by 17 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…Hawes and O'Brien () state that in mammals, “Recent studies support the longstanding hypothesis that spinal deformity results directly from postural imbalance, irrespective of the primary trigger, because the dynamics of growth within vertebrae are altered by continuous asymmetric mechanical loading. These data suggest that, as long as growth potential remains, evolution of a spinal curvature into a spinal deformity can be prevented by reversing the state of continuous asymmetric loading.” While abnormal vertebral growth and development can and does result in vertebral deformities, spinal curvatures (LKS) seen in farmed Chinook salmon might be caused by asymmetric loading of the vertebral column and originate from pathology of non‐vertebral tissues, connective tissues in particular (Munday et al., ). Deformities of vertebral bony tissues apparent in radiographs may develop well after the initiating causal event(s).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Hawes and O'Brien () state that in mammals, “Recent studies support the longstanding hypothesis that spinal deformity results directly from postural imbalance, irrespective of the primary trigger, because the dynamics of growth within vertebrae are altered by continuous asymmetric mechanical loading. These data suggest that, as long as growth potential remains, evolution of a spinal curvature into a spinal deformity can be prevented by reversing the state of continuous asymmetric loading.” While abnormal vertebral growth and development can and does result in vertebral deformities, spinal curvatures (LKS) seen in farmed Chinook salmon might be caused by asymmetric loading of the vertebral column and originate from pathology of non‐vertebral tissues, connective tissues in particular (Munday et al., ). Deformities of vertebral bony tissues apparent in radiographs may develop well after the initiating causal event(s).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, we used a deformity-scoring regime identifying four common deformity categories or phenotypes and an 'other' category for uncommon phenotypes (Munday et al, 2016). These common deformities include several of the types as described below by Witten et al (2009) in parentheses.…”
Section: Radiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The very low rate of LKS in smolt supports previous observations that LKS develops later in life. While the cause of LKS in Chinook salmon remains unresolved, it is associated with unilateral inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting that LKS could be caused by damage to the perivertebral soft tissues by a process that is restricted to fish close to the end of the production cycle (Munday et al., ). Interestingly, although LKS has also been reported in other farmed fish species, especially European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ), gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) and Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ); (Andrades, Becerra, & Fernández‐Llebrez, ; Boglione et al., ; Chatain, ), LKS in these fish species is observed early in life suggesting that LKS in Chinook salmon develops due to different mechanisms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…19.6% (22) 3.6% www.nature.com/scientificreports/ were significant associations between particular curvature types and spinal regions (χ 2 ΜΗ = 122.42, p < 0.01): lordosis most frequently occurred in R1 and R3, kyphosis in R2 and R4 and scoliosis in R2 and R3 (Table 3).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%