Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia: a rare clinical presentation

Pathania, Monika; Lali, Bhagat Singh; Rathaur, Vyas Kumar

doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-008098

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, it may be infrequently present in adults not producing any symptomatology thus rendering its diagnosis problematic. 5 Nevertheless, some adult patients may present with repeated pulmonary infections and wheezing. 6,7 Plain radiographs demonstrate decreased aeration of the affected hemithorax and a small thoracic cage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Primary Lung Hypoplasia Diagnosed in Adulthood

2013

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Unilateral primary pulmonary hypoplasia is rare in adulthood. It is usually present in the neonatal period or in early childhood, and is characterized by a decreased number of bronchial segments and decreased/absent alveolar air space. Most patients have recurrent episodes of wheezing or pneumonia and severe respiratory distress leading to chronic respiratory failure, whereas some patients may occasionally be asymptomatic. Herein, we present a case of left lung hypoplasia in an asymptomatic 28-year-old male, who was admitted to the hospital for further investigation of an abnormal result on a chest radiograph that was obtained as part of a health evaluation for military service. A thorough workup, including imaging modalities and bronchoscopy, disclosed a hypoplastic left lung, which had gone undiagnosed for 25 years. Embryological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects are briefly discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Primary Lung Hypoplasia Diagnosed in Adulthood

2013

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“…1 whereas secondary pulmonary hypoplasia results from small foetal thoracic volume, prolonged oligohydramnios, early rupture of membranes at 15-28 weeks 'gestation longer latent period before delivery, decreased foetal breathing, decreased pulmonary perfusion, congenital heart diseases and trisomies 18, 13, 21. 3,6,10 Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia can present in late adolescent or in adult life as an infective pathology when pulmonary function is decompensated. Clinical presentation of lung hypoplasia in adult is highly variable like asymptomatic presentation or repeated respiratory infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Although rare even in adults several case reports are available. [2][3][4][5] The developmental anomalies of the lung at the 4 th and 24 th weeks of gestation may cause bronchopulmonary foregut abnormalities. According to Boyden, there are three degrees of maldevelopment: 6 • Agenesis-complete absence of lung tissue (absence of airways, parenchyma and vessels) • Aplasia-where rudimentary bronchus is present without any lung tissue, and • Hypoplasia -in which all the normal pulmonary tissues are present but are under-developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral lung hypoplasia presenting in seventh decade of life: a rare case report

2018

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Pulmonary hypoplasia is a bronchopulmonary foregut anomaly in which gross morphology of the lung is preserved but there is decrease in the number or size of airways, vessels, and alveoli. Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia is a rare clinical condition and most patients reported in the literature are newborns and infants, but patients may remain asymptomatic until late adolescent or till adulthood 65 years old male with parkinsonism was referred to our department with complaints of recent chest symptoms. Clinical examination revealed loss of lung volume in left hemithorax. CT scan thorax and bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of left sided pulmonary hypoplasia. This case report highlights the possibility of pulmonary hypoplasia as one of the differential diagnoses in adult patients presenting with loss of lung volume and to the best of our knowledge he is the eldest patient so far reported.

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“…hypoxia, hypercapnia, tachypnea, cyanosis, early onset respiratory distress after birth and acidosis). However, it may be infrequently present in adults not producing any symptoms thus rendering its diagnosis problematic [11].…”

Section: International Journal Of Medical Research and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoplasia of lung a rare entity mimicking as a case of tuberculosis

et al. 2017

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Pulmonary hypoplasia, a congenital malformation, is characterized by incomplete development of the lungs, leading to an abnormally less number or dimensions of bronchopulmonary segments / alveoli resulting in small fibrotic and nonfunctional lung. It is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period or in early childhood. Hypoplasia may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary. Primary pulmonary hypoplasia, not related to other congenital anomalies is extremely seldom diagnosed in adults. We report the case of a 32-year-old married female with two kids presented to us with chief complaints of cough and fever for past nine months. Chest radiograph showed opacification of the left hemi-thorax with decrease in its size and marked ipsilateral mediastinal displacement with an increase in volume of right lung. After investigations she was diagnosed as a case of left lung primary pulmonary hypoplasia. High level of excellent clinical judgement needed to spot and diagnose this congenital aberration, often wrongly diagnosed in adults. Hence, once confronted with an opaque hemi-thorax in a young person with ipsilateral shift of the mediastinum, differential diagnosis of "lung hypoplasia" ought to be kept in mind.

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Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia: a rare clinical presentation

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Unilateral Primary Lung Hypoplasia Diagnosed in Adulthood

Unilateral Primary Lung Hypoplasia Diagnosed in Adulthood

Unilateral lung hypoplasia presenting in seventh decade of life: a rare case report

Hypoplasia of lung a rare entity mimicking as a case of tuberculosis

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