Unilateral Renal Cystic Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: URCD is a rare disease characterized by cysts with various sizes in a diffusely enlarged kidney without forming a distinct encapsulated mass. We present literature review and report a case of URCD in our center. The aim of the study was to report a case of unilateral renal cystic disease (URCD) in a 25-year-old female.
 CASE REPORT: The patient was a 25-year-old female. She came to emergency unit of Mitra Medika Amplas Hospital Medan, Indonesia, with dyspepsia associated symptoms. Physical examination and family health-related history were normal. Laboratory examinations and genetic evaluation showed no abnormalities. Ultrasonography examination revealed multiple cysts in her right kidney which was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan. The diagnosis of URCD was confirmed. No specific treatment was given and she was advised to do a routine follow-up.
 CONCLUSION: URCD may present with mild symptoms or even asymptomatic. Diagnosis is confirmed by imaging modalities with normal renal function and absence of genetic predisposition. The management is conservative. Routine follow-up is mandatory.

Unilateral Renal Cystic Disease: A Rare and Benign Renal Pathology

“…The calyxes are stretched and moulded around the cysts, giving a characteristic spider-leg appearance. Often, no further cysts are seen within the con nement of other abdominal solid organs, particularly the liver and biliary system [5].…”

“…Generally, ADPCKD is bilaterally symmetrical, but in rare instances, it can be unilateral when associated with agenesis of the contralateral kidney in which case it is classi ed as a separate entity called atypical polycystic kidney disease [5].…”

Case report: Atypical polycystic kidney disease

“…Atypical polycystic kidney disease (APKD) is a rare, benign condition that is indistinguishable from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) both radiographically and histologically, but is currently recognized as a completely separate entity [2 , 3] . It can be differentiated from ADPKD in several ways.…”

“…APKD is described as having multiple cysts involving the entire kidney or a specific region of the kidney with intervening normal parenchyma [3] . The pathogenesis is still unclear, but it has been hypothesized that it may arise from a somatic mutation involving the renal parenchyma [7 , 8 , 9] .…”