Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. In this paperarticle, we examine the extent to which UCB can be characterized as an essentially collective phenomenon. First, we evaluate whether it is meaningful to think of collective or "group-level" UCB, whereby in which there is a degree of within-group consistency and between-group variability is observable at the level of the work unit.Whilst Although there is some research has examineding organizational citizenship in terms of the group-level characteristics of organizational citizenship (Podsakoff and MacKenzie 1994;Podsakoff et al. 1997), to date, union citizenship has been conceptualized solely at the individual level of analysis. This is surprising, given the long-4 standing and traditional notion that union participation is a collective act of solidarity with one's fellow workers (e.g., Rose 1952; Kelly 1998). Second, we examine the relationship between the individuals' UCB of individuals and that the UCB of their work group. We anticipate that group-level UCB will explain additionalany additional variance in individual-level UCB, beyond that explained by the individual-level antecedents identified in the union participation and citizenship literature (Bamberger et al. 1999). Finally, we suggest that the extent to which members of a work unit are consistent in their level of UCB will moderate the relationship between group and individual UCB. The argument here is that, whenre group members are highly consistent in their behaviors, this sends a stronger signal to individuals about the "appropriate" way to behave (Bommer et al. 2003).In the next two sections, Before describing our methodology and our two samples, we provide the necessary background and rationale for our hypotheses., before describing our methodology and our two samples. We then describe the results and, concluding the paper with a discussion of their significance and implications.
Individual-Level AntecedentsBased on their meta-analysis of the union participation research, Bamberger et al. (1999) developed a model of the antecedents of union commitment and participation (, with antecedents: organizational commitment, job satisfaction, pro-union attitudes, and union instrumentality as antecedents) as antecedents of union commitment and participation.Their evidence suggesteds that the effects of job satisfaction and union instrumentality on union commitment are partially mediated by organizational commitment and pro-union attitudes respectively, and that union commitment was assumed to mediates t...