Unionization and income inequality in Canada

Brown, Leanora; Das, Anupam

doi:10.1080/13504851.2022.2098237

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…5,23 One reason for the difference might be lower income inequality and more post-tax income transfers to lower-income families in Canada. 38,44 Canada also provided strong income support during the pandemic, resulting in increased disposable income. 38 Some of the difference could relate to wording of the questions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and Lack of Access to Veterinary Care in Canada 2022

Jacobson,

Janke,

Probyn-Smith

et al. 2024

JSMCAH

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Introduction: Despite concerns about access to veterinary care in Canada, there are no previously published national survey data. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of barriers to veterinary care faced by Canadian dog and cat owners, and to identify associated factors. Methods: This was a national online survey conducted in mid-2022, the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was nationally representative of English and French-speaking Canadian adults as regards region, age, and sex. Results: Eighteen per cent of the respondents (440/2,500) could not access wanted or needed preventative veterinary care in the past 12 months; 12% (305/2,500) could not access sick care; and 8% (195/2,500) could not access emergency care. The most frequent barriers were the inability to afford care (preventative – 124/440, 28% of those who were unable to access care; sick – 75/305, 25%; emergency – 34/195, 17%); and the inability to obtain an appointment (preventative – 95/440, 22% of those who were unable to access care; sick – 80/305, 26%; emergency – 47/195, 24%). Twenty-one per cent (522/2,500) could not access other pet needs, most frequently pet food (43% of those who lacked access); grooming (34%); and training (28%). Recent immigrants (<5 years) and young people (18–34 years old) were more likely to report barriers. Affordability and appointment availability were the two most frequently occurring barriers. Conclusions: This survey identified a large number of pet owners who faced barriers to veterinary care. There is a need for industry leaders, educators and regulators to help support initiatives to expand access to care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and Lack of Access to Veterinary Care in Canada 2022

Jacobson,

Janke,

Probyn-Smith

et al. 2024

JSMCAH

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Unionization rates, inequality, and poverty in Canadian provinces 2000–2020

Das,

Hudson,

Hudson

2024

Capital & Class

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Unions can increase the power of workers through both collective bargaining and political avenues, potentially creating less income inequality and poverty. However, this potential may not be realized. Drawing on power resource theory, this study uses panel data to investigate the connection between unionization and two measures of after-tax inequality – the income share of the top 1% and the Gini coefficient – and three measures of poverty – the percentage of the population below the low-income cut-off, the average income of the bottom decile, and the percent of the population below the low-income measure – between Canadian provinces from 2000 to 2020. We find that unionization is negatively associated with income inequality in Canada. This relationship is statistically significant. However, we do not find evidence of any statistical association between unionization and poverty in Canada.

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Unionization and income inequality in Canada

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Barriers and Lack of Access to Veterinary Care in Canada 2022

Barriers and Lack of Access to Veterinary Care in Canada 2022

Unionization rates, inequality, and poverty in Canadian provinces 2000–2020

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