Unipolar late-onset depression: A comprehensive review

Fountoulakis, Konstantinos Ν.; O’Hara, Ruth; Iacovides, Apostolos; Camilleri, Christopher P.; Kaprinis, Stergios; Kaprinis, George; Yesavage, Jerome A.

doi:10.1186/1475-2832-2-11

Cited by 57 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…While Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has a lower prevalence in older adults, subclinical depressive symptoms are more common in old age ( Meeks et al, 2011; Romanoski et al, 1992 ). Moreover, older individuals are less likely to report depressed mood ( Gallo et al, 1994 ) and more likely to report somatic symptoms, fatigue, appetite loss, concentration difficulties, lack of interest in activities and cognitive disturbance ( Fountoulakis et al, 2003; Gallo and Rabins, 1999 ). Although core symptoms required for a standard diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder include the presence of depressed mood or the loss of interest in activities, late-life depression may be characterized by a “depression without sadness” syndrome ( Gallo and Rabins, 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiple indicators multiple causes model of late-life depression in Latin American countries

Brăilean

Guerra

Chua

et al. 2015

Journal of Affective Disorders

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BackgroundThe Euro-D depression scale consists of symptom clusters that may be differentially related to demographic and cognitive characteristics in older adults. This hypothesis needs further investigation and the role of measurement bias on substantive conclusions remains to be established.MethodThe study sample comprised 10,405 community-dwelling older adults from six Latin American countries. We applied a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model for a concurrent investigation of measurement bias and of the association between Euro-D symptom clusters and background variables.ResultsThe factorial validity of Euro-D, with a two-dimensional structure – affective suffering and motivation disturbance, was consistently supported in all countries. Although complete measurement invariance could not be assumed across countries, measurement bias was minor. Both Euro-D factors were unrelated to age, but related to gender, as well as to impairment in memory and verbal fluency. Gender differences were larger for affective suffering than for motivation disturbance, whereas differences in verbal fluency impairment were more strongly related to motivation disturbance.LimitationsOur analytic strategies could only examine invariance at the level of indicator thresholds. The generalisability of current findings needs to be examined in clinical populations. A wider set of cognitive tests is needed. We did not examine the compositional factors that could have accounted for the variation in Euro-D scores across countries, as this was beyond the aims of the paper.ConclusionThe current study adds evidence for the construct validity of Euro-D and for the possible differential association of depression symptom-clusters with gender and verbal fluency in older adults. An understanding of the heterogeneity of late-life depression may carry clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in old age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiple indicators multiple causes model of late-life depression in Latin American countries

Brăilean

Guerra

Chua

et al. 2015

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…The Cognitive–Affective factor consists of 11 BDI-II items (i.e., sadness, pessimism, past failure, guilty feelings, punishment feelings, self-dislike, self-criticalness, suicidal thoughts, crying, agitation, worthlessness) and the Somatic factor consists of 7 items (i.e., loss of energy, changes in sleeping pattern, irritability, changes in appetite, concentration difficulty, tiredness or fatigue, loss of interest in sex). In patients with HCV, these symptoms may also be more problematic during IFN therapy and resistant to antidepressant medications, as is observed in geriatric depression [33,34], or in depression due to a general medical condition [33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to somatic symptoms of depression during interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C: A 16-week prospective study

Loftis

Patterson

Wilhelm

et al. 2013

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective This study evaluated the distinctive clinical and biological manifestations of depressive symptom subtypes (i.e., cognitive–affective and somatic) in Veterans with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) before and during interferon-alpha (IFN) based antiviral therapy. Methods Thirty-two Veterans with HCV and no prior history of IFN therapy were followed prospectively during the first 16 weeks of therapy to evaluate depressive symptoms and to determine if baseline cytokine and serotonin levels predicted subsequent changes in depressive scores. Results IFN therapy resulted in a significant increase in total depressive symptoms from baseline (week 0) to week 16, with neurovegetative and somatic symptoms of depression including loss of appetite, fatigue and irritability increasing within the first two weeks of therapy and continuing to increase throughout IFN therapy. When depressive symptoms were evaluated using a two-factor (i.e., Cognitive–Affective and Somatic) model, the Cognitive–Affective factor score did not change significantly following IFN therapy initiation, while the Somatic factor score showed a significant increase from week 0 to week 16. Veterans with the largest increases in somatic symptoms from week 0 to week 2 had significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and lower levels of serotonin at baseline, as compared to Veterans with minimal or no increase in somatic symptoms. Conclusion Somatic symptoms of depression can be significantly exacerbated during IFN therapy and may be predicted by higher TNF-α levels and lower serotonin levels at baseline.

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“…For bipolar cases, lithium and anticonvulsants are useful, although they are not well studied in older patients [242]. They are mostly used in cases of refractory depression for the augmentation of antidepressant therapy.…”

Section: The Age Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging modern face of mood disorders: a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions

Fountoulakis

2010

Ann Gen Psychiatry

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The present work represents a detailed description of our current understanding and knowledge of the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of mood disorders, their comorbidity and overlap, and the effect of variables such as gender and age. This review article is largely based on the 'Mood disorders' chapter of the Wikibooks Textbook of Psychiatry http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Textbook_of_Psychiatry/Mood_Disorders.

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Unipolar late-onset depression: A comprehensive review

Cited by 57 publications

References 143 publications

A multiple indicators multiple causes model of late-life depression in Latin American countries

A multiple indicators multiple causes model of late-life depression in Latin American countries

Vulnerability to somatic symptoms of depression during interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C: A 16-week prospective study

The emerging modern face of mood disorders: a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions

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