Unique ability of the Proteus mirabilis capsule to enhance mineral growth in infectious urinary calculi

Dumanski, A J; Hedelin, Hans; Edin-Liljegren, Anette; Beauchemin, Diane; McLean, Robert

doi:10.1128/iai.62.7.2998-3003.1994

Cited by 104 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Increasing the flow rate above 1.5 mL/min had no significant effect on the deposition of struvite, although a greater degree of variability is observed at higher flow rates. Despite the pH within the reactor chamber only reaching pH 7.2 at 6 mL/min, high levels of struvite are clearly evident, which may potentially be explained by the hypothesis of Dumanski et al 32 Although the saturation point of struvite in urine is exceeded at pH 7.3, 29 the weak binding effect of P. mirabilis CPS results in local supersaturation, with the potential effect of exceeding the formation product in localized regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The anionic nature of P. mirabilis glycocalyx binds and stabilizes the growth of Ca 21 -and Mg 21containing crystals. 32 Furthermore, the association of crystals within the biofilm matrix reduces the propensity for the crystals to redissolve. 33 Although the concentration of calcium and magnesium within urine will alter the pH at which nucleation occurs, above pH 8 for calcium and approximately pH 8.5 for magnesium, nucleation will occur even at low concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the CDC biofilm reactor as a dynamic model for assessment of encrustation formation on urological device materials

Gilmore¹,

Hamill²,

Jones³

et al. 2010

J Biomed Mater Res

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Contemporary medical science is reliant upon the rational selection and utilization of devices, and therefore, an increasing need has developed for in vitro systems aimed at replicating the conditions to which urological devices will be subjected to during their use in vivo. We report the development and validation of a novel continuous flow encrustation model based on the commercially available CDC biofilm reactor. Proteus mirabilis-induced encrustation formation on test biomaterial sections under varying experimental parameters was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared- and Raman spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. The model system produced encrusted deposits similar to those observed in archived clinical samples. Results obtained for the system are highly reproducible with encrustation being rapidly deposited on test biomaterial sections. This model will have utility in the rapid screening of encrustation behavior of biomaterials for use in urological applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the CDC biofilm reactor as a dynamic model for assessment of encrustation formation on urological device materials

Gilmore¹,

Hamill²,

Jones³

et al. 2010

J Biomed Mater Res

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“…of the products of urea decomposition caused by Proteus bacteria [11]. Recently, the importance of an acidic polysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid and galactosamine was demonstrated for migration of P. mirabilis swarm cells by reduction of surface friction [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural and serological studies on a new acidic O‐specific polysaccharide of Proteus vulgaris O32

Shashkov

Babicka

Грачев

et al. 1998

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The following structure of the O-specific polysaccharide chain (O-antigen) of the Proteus vulgaris O32 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, including twodimensional NOESY and H-detected 1 H, 13 C heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC) experiments:In addition, an O-acetyl group was detected, which, most probably, is located at position 3 of a part of Rhap I residues. Serological studies, using rabbit polyclonal anti-(P. vulgaris O32) serum, homologous and heterologous Proteus O-antigens and related artificial antigens, revealed the importance of an A-D-GalA-associated epitope in manifesting the immunospecificity of P. vulgaris O32 and substantiated serological relationships between the O-antigen studied and those of some other Proteus strains.Keywords : Proteus vulgaris ; lipopolysaccharide; O-antigen; bacterial polysaccharide structure; serological specificity.Bacteria of the genus Proteus cause mainly wound and urinary tract infections, the latter sometimes leading to acute or chronic pyelonephritis and formation of bladder and kidney stones. Outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is considered as a virulence factor of Proteus. Based on the Ospecific polysaccharide chains of LPS (O-antigens), two species, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris, were classified into 60 O-serogroups [1, 2], and recently two more O-serogroups, O61 and O62, have been proposed for strains of the third species, Proteus penneri [3,4]. Chemical and immunochemical studies of Proteus LPS are important for understanding the molecular basis of the immunospecificity of Proteus strains and for their classification based on structural and serological data.A peculiar feature of the Proteus LPS is that in most Oserogroups the O-antigens are acidic due to the presence of phosphate groups, hexuronic acids, their amides with amino acids, sugar acetals with pyruvic acid or ethers with lactic acid ([3Ϫ9] and references cited therein). The role of acidic polysaccharides in the pathogenicity of Proteus and, particularly, in urinary tract infections was discussed [10]. The acidic character of Proteus polysaccharides enables bacteria to bind metal cations, Mg 2ϩ and Ca 2ϩ , via electrostatic interaction. This may enhance the formation of struvite and carbonate apatite stones in urinary tract under alkaline conditions in the presence of ammonia, one of the products of urea decomposition caused by Proteus bacteria [11]. Recently, the importance of an acidic polysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid and galactosamine was demonstrated for migration of P. mirabilis swarm cells by reduction of surface friction [12].A few structures of P. vulgaris O-antigens have been elucidated, some of them having been found neutral [7,13] and the others acidic [7Ϫ9]. Now, we report the structure of a new acidic O-specific polysaccharide of P. vulgaris O32 containing D-galacturonic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains, growth, isolation and degradation of lipopolysaccharide. P. vulgaris O32 (strain PrK 57/...

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“…Indeed, such encrustations have clearly and repeatedly been shown to be crystalline bacterial biofilms [4]. Mineralization occurs at a high pH of 8-9 and the P. mirabilis exopolysaccharide specifically attracts not only calcium but also magnesium ions into the biofilm matrix [5,6]. Magnesium is a major component in the deposits typically found on catheters (predominantly struvite and hydroxyapatite).…”

Section: A Hinchliffe Consultant Urologist Department Of Urology Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choong¹

2001

BJU International

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Unique ability of the Proteus mirabilis capsule to enhance mineral growth in infectious urinary calculi

Abstract: Struvite (MgNH4PO4 6H20) calculi are a common complication of Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infections. Although urease is a major virulence factor in calculus formation, the polysaccharide capsule (CPS) of this organism also enhances struvite crystallization and growth in vitro (L.

Cited by 104 publications

References 32 publications

Validation of the CDC biofilm reactor as a dynamic model for assessment of encrustation formation on urological device materials

Validation of the CDC biofilm reactor as a dynamic model for assessment of encrustation formation on urological device materials

Structural and serological studies on a new acidic O‐specific polysaccharide of Proteus vulgaris O32

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