Unique cellular network formation guided by heterostructures based on reduced graphene oxide - Ti3C2Tx MXene hydrogels

MXenes and MXene-based materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: recent advances

“…3). 68 It has been observed that the cell attachment to rGO-MXene hydrogel was higher than the rGO-control gel alone. In this study, two hydrogels with unique 3D architectural properties were constructed, comprising, rGO-MXene-centered hydrogel (with additional hydrophilic exterior and was adjudged as softer with elastic moduli of B20 kPa) and hydrogel based on rGO (endowed with extra hydrophobic shell and was found to be stiffer having elastic moduli of the order of B40 kPa).…”

“…In this study, two hydrogels with unique 3D architectural properties were constructed, comprising, rGO-MXene-centered hydrogel (with additional hydrophilic exterior and was adjudged as softer with elastic moduli of B20 kPa) and hydrogel based on rGO (endowed with extra hydrophobic shell and was found to be stiffer having elastic moduli of the order of B40 kPa). 68 The detectable structural self-assembly was quite reminiscent of neuro-spheres from tumorigenic neuron-like neuroblastoma cells after two days on the hydrogel from rGO, which then de-constructed into diffusive lengthened cellular nets subsequent to seven days of culture. Importantly, the constructions of the ensued platforms permitted nutrient diffusion and stimulated the migration of cells all over the hydrogels.…”

“…Importantly, the constructions of the ensued platforms permitted nutrient diffusion and stimulated the migration of cells all over the hydrogels. 68 The entire assembly of cultured cells showed remarkable inter-pore dispersion competencies, as established via the extensive generation of migrationimpelled cell cytoskeleton traits (lamellipodia, filopodia, and neurites). Though the in vitro cellular reactions were consistent on such hydrogels, the histocompatibility outlines undoubtedly varied under in vivo conditions or on assorted tissue types; these hydrogels are promising candidates for organ-on-a-chip technologies.…”

“…Though the in vitro cellular reactions were consistent on such hydrogels, the histocompatibility outlines undoubtedly varied under in vivo conditions or on assorted tissue types; these hydrogels are promising candidates for organ-on-a-chip technologies. 68 Bone loss or insufficiency is a very challenging issue for the integration of the implant and then functional packing, where evolving biomaterials to supplement bone amount and to regenerate alveolar bone imperfections at the implant site are a critically essential element. To attain innovative inorganic composite materials for the regeneration of bone tissue, MXene can play important and positive roles, especially for the improvement of mechanical features, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity.…”

Smart Hydrogels Meet Carbon Nanomaterials for New Frontiers in Medicine

“…In particular, the whole class of 2D materials is a hot topic of research to advance the frontiers of tissue replacement, thanks to their low density and high mechanical resistance [ 107 ]. As an example, a titanium carbide (belonging to the family of 2D-materials called MXenes) was used to yield a hydrogel with rGO flakes ( Figure 4 ) that demonstrated an excellent ability to sustain cell culture for the envisaged future application of heart actuators for cardiac repair [ 102 ]. Other approaches rely on multi-layered and multi-component structures to provide hydrogels with different spatio-temporally resolved responses, as needed to perform the complex task of tissue regeneration.…”