Unique chemistries of metal-nitrate precursors to form metal-oxide thin films from solution: materials for electronic and energy applications

Abstract

Unique chemistries of metal-nitrate precursors that enable the preparation of high-quality, high-performance metal-oxide thin films by solution deposition are reviewed.

Facile Chemical Route to Prepare Water Soluble Epitaxial Sr3Al2O6 Sacrificial Layers for Free‐Standing Oxides

“…Metal nitrate precursors are often soluble in water, they have a relatively low decomposition temperature and the high-volatility of the decomposition products minimizes the presence of residual contaminants in the final film. [25] In this work, SAO films prepared from the metal nitrate route were carried out by mixing aluminum nitrate (Al(NO 3 ) 3 ) and strontium nitrate (Sr(NO 3 ) 2 ) in water. The chelating agent citric acid (CA) was employed to minimize hydrolysis and condensation reactions and ensure the SrTiO 3 (STO) substrate wettability to obtain an homogeneous gel after spin-coating.…”

“…Among the plethora of salt precursors suitable for the synthesis of metal oxides, metal nitrate and metalorganic precursors are here examined. Although these are two popular routes to prepare metal-oxides, [21,25] a procedure to prepare epitaxial SAO is unexplored. We demonstrate that using metal nitrate and metalorganic precursors, homogeneous solutions can be stabilized and spin-coated on single crystal substrates.…”

Capacity and phase stability of metal-substituted α-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets in aqueous Ni–Zn batteries

“…Factors that may influence the relative incorporation of metal-ion substituents within the Ni(OH) 2 structure include differences in charge density, ionic radii, metal ligand-field strength, solubility product constants, and pH, any of which can influence solution-phase speciation and rates of hydrolysis and condensation. 62 Metal ions with larger ionic radii, such as Zn 2+ are reported to have higher olation rates while cations with higher ligand-field strength have lower rates of olation due to a greater orbital overlap between metallic d-orbitals and H 2 O. 62 Olation rates affect the rate of condensation; rates that are too different between the Ni and the metal substituent may influence the degree of substitution within the Ni(OH) 2 structure.…”

“…62 Metal ions with larger ionic radii, such as Zn 2+ are reported to have higher olation rates while cations with higher ligand-field strength have lower rates of olation due to a greater orbital overlap between metallic d-orbitals and H 2 O. 62 Olation rates affect the rate of condensation; rates that are too different between the Ni and the metal substituent may influence the degree of substitution within the Ni(OH) 2 structure. Some of these factors likely influence the low relative incorporation of manganese (Ni 0.98 Mn 0.02 ) compared to the targeted synthetic ratio (Ni 0.9 Mn 0.1 ).…”

Evaluation of the lgnitability Hazards in Remediated Nitrate Salt Waste

“…The temperature at which thermal decomposition commences is tied to the acidity of the metal ion discussed in Section 4 that drives metal coordination of water (and nitrate), together with the ability of the metal ion (mainly applicable to transition metals) to engage the nitrate group in orbital overlap [Ref. 9,10]. The net effect of these influences, electron polarization, is illustrated in Figure 2.…”