Unique evidence of atypical lymphocytes and flower cells in indigenous Xikrin do Bacajá people infected with HTLV-2

Vallinoto, Antônio Carlos Rosário; Gonçalves, Janete Silvana Souza; Abreu, Isabella Nogueira; Freitas, Vanessa de Oliveira; Lima, Carlos Neandro Cordeiro; Botelho, Bruno Sarmento; Sacuena, Eliene Rodrigues Putira; Souza, Ana Maria Almeida; Vallinoto, Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres; Guerreiro, João Farias; Ishak, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100155

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are viruses that are considered to be of medical importance and are related to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), neurodegenerative diseases such as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and hairy cell infections [1][2][3]. It is estimated that 3 to 5% of HTLV-1 infections may evolve into these pathologies, while HTLV-2 infection still needs to be better characterized regarding its relationship with these clinical diseases [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of Immunological Assays for Universal and Differential Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection in Candidates for Blood Donations from the Brazilian Amazon

Santos,

Catão,

Martins

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The present study compares the ability of distinct immunological assays (chemiluminescence immunoassay-CLIA, western blot-WB and flow cytometry-FC-Simplex and Duplex) to detect anti-HTLV antibodies in candidates for blood donations at the Amazonas State Blood Center (Brazil) between January 2018 and December 2022. Overall, 257,942 samples from candidates for blood donations were screened using CLIA, which led to 0.15% seropositivity for HTLV (409 samples). A total of 151 candidates for blood donations were enrolled for retesting with CLIA followed by additional testing using WB and FC-Simplex and Duplex analysis. Our results demonstrated that 62% (93/151), 20% (30/151) and 17% (26/151) of the samples presented positive results with retesting using CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex analysis, respectively. Additional analysis of the CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex results revealed an overall agreement of 56% for CLIA and WB (22 co-negative; 30 co-positive samples), 48% for CLIA and FC-Simplex (21 co-negative; 24 co-positive samples) and 80% for WB and FC-Simplex (51 co-negative; 23 co-positive samples). Considering the WB as the reference standard for the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2, we observed that the CLIA results of ≤3.0 RLU and >10.0 RLU in the retest can be used define a negative or positive result, respectively, and could be used as new specific cut-off values. The overall agreement between WB and FC-Duplex for accomplishing the differential diagnosis was evaluated and demonstrated 100% correspondence for the diagnosis of HTLV-1 (15/15) and HTLV-2 (7/7). Our findings demonstrate that gaps in the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2 could be overcome by the simultaneous use of distinct immunological assays during retesting of candidates for blood donations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this this version posted January 31, 2024. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01. 31.24302090 doi: medRxiv preprint HTLV-2 infection still needs to be better characterized regarding its relationship with these clinical diseases [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Immunological Assays for Universal and Differential Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection in Candidates for Blood Donations from the Brazilian Amazon

Santos,

Catão,

Martins

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Performance of immunological assays for universal and differential diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection in candidates for blood donations from the Brazilian Amazon

Santos,

Catão,

Martins

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The present study compares the ability of distinct immunological assays (chemiluminescence immunoassay-CLIA, western blot-WB and flow cytometry-FC-Simplex and Duplex) to detect anti-HTLV (human T-lymphotropic virus) antibodies in candidates for blood donations at the Amazonas State Blood Center (Brazil) between January 2018 and December 2022. Overall, 257,942 samples from candidates for blood donations were screened using CLIA, which led to 0.15% seropositivity for HTLV (409 samples). A total of 151 candidates for blood donations were enrolled for retesting with CLIA followed by additional testing using WB and FC-Simplex and Duplex analysis. Our results demonstrated that 62% (93/151), 20% (30/151) and 17% (26/151) of the samples presented positive results with retesting using CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex analysis, respectively. Additional analysis of the CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex results revealed an overall agreement of 56% for CLIA and WB (22 co-negative; 30 co-positive samples), 48% for CLIA and FC-Simplex (21 co-negative; 24 co-positive samples) and 80% for WB and FC-Simplex (51 co-negative; 23 co-positive samples). Considering the WB as the reference standard for the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2, we observed that the CLIA results of ≤3.0 RLU and >10.0 RLU in the retest can be used define a negative or positive result, respectively, and could be used as new specific cut-off values. The overall agreement between WB and FC-Duplex for accomplishing the differential diagnosis was evaluated and demonstrated 100% correspondence for the diagnosis of HTLV-1 (15/15) and HTLV-2 (7/7). Our findings demonstrate that gaps in the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2 could be overcome by the simultaneous use of distinct immunological assays during retesting of candidates for blood donations.

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Fibromyalgia in patients infected with HTLV-1 and HTLV-2

Inomata Silva,

da Cunha Rodrigues,

Tsukimata

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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BackgroundReports on the association between HTLV-2 infection and the development of diseases in the human host are rare, which has led the scientific community to believe that HTLV-2 is not an important etiological agent of lymphoproliferative or neurodegenerative disorders, which is the case for HTLV-1. In the present study, we demonstrated cases of fibromyalgia in HTLV-1 carriers and, in an unprecedented finding, in two patients with confirmed HTLV-2 infection.MethodsA total of 957 individuals visited the Virology Laboratory at the Federal University of Pará for screening and confirmation tests for HTLV-1/2 infection. Individuals with confirmed HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection were clinically evaluated for signs and symptoms associated with infection.ResultsSixty-nine individuals (7.2%) were identified as positive for HTLV infection, with 56 confirmed cases of HTLV-1 infection (5.9%), 12 cases of HTLV-2 infection (1.2%) and one case classified as undetermined (0.1%). Sixteen (23.2%) of these patients presented with rheumatological signs and complained of diffuse pain throughout the body; 12 of whom were infected by HTLV-1 (75%) and 4 were infected by HTLV-2 (25%). After anamnesis and careful evaluation, four patients were diagnosed with fibromyalgia, two of whom were infected by HTLV-1 (16.7%; 2/12) and two by HTLV-2 (50%; 2/4). The clinical follow-up and laboratory analysis results are reported in detail in this paper.ConclusionConsidering the clinical cases presented herein as the first reports of patients with HTLV-2 infection with clinical symptoms of fibromyalgia, the importance of further studies on the pathogenicity of HTLV-2, similar to what have already been performed for HTLV-1, is highlighted. Our results also confirm previous evidence of an association between HTLV-1 infection and fibromyalgia.

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Unique evidence of atypical lymphocytes and flower cells in indigenous Xikrin do Bacajá people infected with HTLV-2

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Performance of Immunological Assays for Universal and Differential Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection in Candidates for Blood Donations from the Brazilian Amazon

Performance of Immunological Assays for Universal and Differential Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection in Candidates for Blood Donations from the Brazilian Amazon

Performance of immunological assays for universal and differential diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection in candidates for blood donations from the Brazilian Amazon

Fibromyalgia in patients infected with HTLV-1 and HTLV-2

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