Unique Gut Microbiome in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Suggests Association with Chronic Inflammation

Ishizaka, Aya; Koga, Michiko; Mizutani, Taketoshi; Parbie, Prince Kofi; Prawisuda, Diki; Yusa, Noritaka; Sedohara, Ayako; Kimura, Tadashi; Ikeuchi, Kazuhiko; Adachi, Eisuke; Koibuchi, Tomohiko; Furukawa, Yoichi; Tojo, Arinobu; Imoto, Seiya; Suzuki, Yutaka; Tsutsumi, Takeshi; Kiyono, Hiroshi; Matano, Tetsuro; Yotsuyanagi, Hiroshi

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00708-21

Cited by 56 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…All the patients enrolled in this study were infected with the original SARS-COV-2 strains (Wuhan and Wuhan/D614G strains). A non-COVID-19 control cohort of 40 healthy adults was recruited at the University of Tokyo in 2017 before the COVID-19 pandemic ( 13 ). The non-COVID-19 cohort consisted of 40 male individuals with a median age of 42 years (range, 23–60 years).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a control group, historical cohort data of 40 healthy individuals who were recruited in a previous study ( 13 ) were used. Those who consumed antibiotics within the previous 2 weeks were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We extracted DNA from the fecal sample-derived bacterial fraction, as previously described ( 13 ). The 16S rRNA gene libraries were prepared according to the 16S Metagenomics Sequencing Library Preparation guide (Part #15044223 Rev.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation Analysis between Gut Microbiota Alterations and the Cytokine Response in Patients with Coronavirus Disease during Hospitalization

et al. 2022

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation Analysis between Gut Microbiota Alterations and the Cytokine Response in Patients with Coronavirus Disease during Hospitalization

et al. 2022

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“…Gut microbial translocation resulting from dysbiosis and gut damage plays a prominent role in maintaining a persistent underlying chronic inflammatory state in PLWH, and compliant, long-term ART does not entirely reverse damage to the intestinal tract barrier (81,90,(114)(115)(116)(117). Thus the gut fails to successfully repair in PLWH receiving ART (90,114,115).…”

Section: Hiv Infection Is Associated With Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Related Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Use and Abuse Conspires With HIV Infection to Aggravate Intestinal Dysbiosis and Increase Microbial Translocation in People Living With HIV: A Review

et al. 2021

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The intestinal microbiome is an essential so-called human “organ”, vital for the induction of innate immunity, for metabolizing nutrients, and for maintenance of the structural integrity of the intestinal barrier. HIV infection adversely influences the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiome, resulting in structural and functional impairment of the intestinal barrier and an increased intestinal permeability. Pathogens and metabolites may thus cross the “leaky” intestinal barrier and enter the systemic circulation, which is a significant factor accounting for the persistent underlying chronic inflammatory state present in people living with HIV (PLWH). Additionally, alcohol use and abuse has been found to be prevalent in PLWH and has been strongly associated with the incidence and progression of HIV/AIDS. Recently, converging evidence has indicated that the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is related to intestinal microbiome and barrier function through numerous pathways. Alcohol acts as a “partner” with HIV in disrupting microbiome ecology, and thus impairing of the intestinal barrier. Optimizing the microbiome and restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier is likely to be an effective adjunctive therapeutic strategy for PLWH. We herein critically review the interplay among HIV, alcohol, and the gut barrier, thus setting the scene with regards to development of effective strategies to counteract the dysregulated gut microbiome and the reduction of microbial translocation and inflammation in PLWH.

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“…On the other hand, it has become clear that HIV-positive individuals have an unique gut microbiome profile. In our 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis of HIV patients with MSM, we observed that despite long-term viral suppression, the gut microbiome of HIV-infected patients is more aerobic than healthy individuals [ 20 ]. The altered gut microbiome in patients with HIV is considered to be influenced by the HIV infection itself, as well as the antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Gut Dysbiosis and Fecal Excretion of Hepatitis A Virus in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Ishizaka

Koga

Mizutani

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes transient acute infection, and little is known of viral shedding via the duodenum and into the intestinal environment, including the gut microbiome, from the period of infection until after the recovery of symptoms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to comprehensively observe the amount of virus excreted into the intestinal tract, the changes in the intestinal microbiome, and the level of inflammation during the healing process. We used blood and stool specimens from patients with human immunodeficiency virus who were infected with HAV during the HAV outbreak in Japan in 2018. Moreover, we observed changes in fecal HAV RNA and quantified the plasma cytokine level and gut microbiome by 16S rRNA analysis from clinical onset to at least 6 months after healing. HAV was detected from clinical onset up to a period of more than 150 days. Immediately after infection, many pro-inflammatory cytokines were elicited, and some cytokines showed different behaviors. The intestinal microbiome changed significantly after infection (dysbiosis), and the dysbiosis continued for a long time after healing. These observations suggest that the immunocompromised state is associated with prolonged viral shedding into the intestinal tract and delayed recovery of the intestinal environment.

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Unique Gut Microbiome in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Suggests Association with Chronic Inflammation

Cited by 56 publications

References 47 publications

Correlation Analysis between Gut Microbiota Alterations and the Cytokine Response in Patients with Coronavirus Disease during Hospitalization

Correlation Analysis between Gut Microbiota Alterations and the Cytokine Response in Patients with Coronavirus Disease during Hospitalization

Alcohol Use and Abuse Conspires With HIV Infection to Aggravate Intestinal Dysbiosis and Increase Microbial Translocation in People Living With HIV: A Review

Prolonged Gut Dysbiosis and Fecal Excretion of Hepatitis A Virus in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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