Unique origin of Andaman Islanders: insight from autosomal loci

Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Reddy, A. Srinivas; Singh, Vijay Kumar; Singh, Lalji

doi:10.1007/s10038-006-0026-0

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The M4 lineage shares some mutations with the M4 lineage from the Semende, but each have several unique mutations. Subgroups of M4 have been previously reported in tribal populations in India 18,19 , Nepal 20 and in the Philippines 21 . There is thus a striking dichotomy in the mtDNA lineages between the matrilocal Semende and the patrilocal Besemah.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Larger mitochondrial DNA than Y-chromosome differences between matrilocal and patrilocal groups from Sumatra

Gunnarsdóttir

Nandineni

et al. 2011

Nat Commun

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Genetic differences between human populations are typically larger for the Y-chromosome than for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which has been attributed to the ubiquity of patrilocality across human cultures. However, this claim has been disputed, and previous analyses of matrilocal groups give conflicting results. Here we analyse mtDNA variation (complete mtDNA genome sequences via next-generation sequencing) and non-recombining regions of the Y-chromosome variation (Y-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms and Y-short-tandem-repeats (STR)) in a matrilocal group (the Semende) and a patrilocal group (the Besemah) from Sumatra. We find in the Semende significantly lower mtDNA diversity than in the Besemah as expected for matrilocal groups, but unexpectedly we find no difference in Y-chromosome diversity between the groups. We highlight the importance of using complete mtDNA sequences for such analyses, as using only partial sequences (as done in previous studies) can give misleading results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Larger mitochondrial DNA than Y-chromosome differences between matrilocal and patrilocal groups from Sumatra

Gunnarsdóttir

Nandineni

et al. 2011

Nat Commun

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“…Therefore, we indicated that Deng might have developed from very few founders, and been isolated from the neighboring Adi and Tibetans for quite long time. However, compared with the results of the Andamanese 73 by the same analyses, the time isolated of Deng should be much shorter. Judging from the phylogenetic tree and the MDS plot, Deng is closer to the Adi populations than to the Tibetans.…”

Section: Genetic Structure Of Deng Populationmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These results were similar to those of the other isolated populations previously reported. 13,[73][74][75] Lower gene diversity of Deng (0.7218) further accentuated the effect of the inbreeding among them. Therefore, we indicated that Deng might have developed from very few founders, and been isolated from the neighboring Adi and Tibetans for quite long time.…”

Section: Genetic Structure Of Deng Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structures of the Tibetans and the Deng people in the Himalayas viewed from autosomal STRs

Kang

Gupta

et al. 2010

J Hum Genet

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In the previous studies, the populations in Tibet exhibited a complicated genetic structure, indicating that those populations might be the admixture of East Asian and South/Central Asian populations, or have a North Asian origin. However, there have not been sufficient genetic data to support this hypothesis. In this study, we analyzed 15 autosomal polymorphic tetranucleotide short tandem repeat loci (D5S818, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51) for three populations from Tibet, namely, Deng/Mishmi (n¼114), Qamdo Tibetan (n¼78) and Lhasa Tibetan (n¼101). The total number of observed alleles and the average heterozygosity for all samples were 394 and 0.7574, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance and estimated G ST (0.0198) for these allele frequency data suggested the genetic divergence among Tibetan populations was significant. Furthermore, our new allele frequency data for 13 loci were compared with those of 41 world populations previously reported. Results from phylogenetic and multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that: (1) the Deng in Tibet has unique genetic characteristics different from the Tibetans; (2) populations living in the Himalayas area (Deng, Luoba/Adi) composed of a distinct cluster and are closely related to each other than to any other ethnic groups in East Asia; (3) the Tibetans are most similar to the North Asians. This genetic structure is consistent with the geographical barriers and linguistic classifications.

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“…There is some evidence that genetic variation among the Andaman Islanders may reflect considerable isolation following initial dispersal out of Africa (Kashyap et al 2003;Thangaraj et al 2003Thangaraj et al , 2006Thangaraj and Chaubey 2005). Although this plausibly fits an interpretive framework where the Andaman Islanders and other negrito populations represent relict populations of this early dispersal, recent evidence suggests that genetic variation among these populations is much more complex than previously thought (Reich et al 2009).…”

Section: Negrito Populations and Theirmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Subsequent research using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation provided evidence for a link between negrito groups of the Andaman Islands and sub-Saharan African foragers (Mukerjee 1999). More recent research has enhanced our understanding of the genetics of this group, suggesting that genetic variation among the Andaman Islanders may reflect considerable isolation of this population following initial dispersal out of Africa (Thangaraj et al 2003(Thangaraj et al , 2006Thangaraj and Chaubey 2005). Although this plausibly fits an interpretive framework where the Andaman Islanders and other negrito populations represent relict populations of this early dispersal, recent evidence suggests that genetic variation among negritos is complex (Reich et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Skeletal Phenotype of “Negritos” from the Andaman Islands and Philippines Relative to Global Variation among Hunter-Gatherers

Stock

2013

Human Biology

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The "negrito hypothesis" suggests that populations of small-bodied foragers in South and Southeast Asia who share common phenotypic characteristics may also share a common, ancient origin. The key defining characteristics of the "negrito" phenotype, small body size, dark skin, and tightly curled hair, have been interpreted as linking these populations to sub-Saharan Africans. The underlying assumption of this interpretation is that the observed phenotypic similarities likely reflect shared ancestry rather than phenotypic convergence. Current genetic evidence is inconclusive, as it both demonstrates that negrito populations have genetic affinities with neighboring populations but also rare and ancient variation that suggests considerable isolation. This study investigates the skeletal phenotype of Andaman Islanders and Aeta foragers from the Philippines in the context of the phenotypic variation among other hunter-gatherers globally, to test whether they show a common, unique physique apart from small body size. Particular emphasis is placed on the comparison of negrito phenotypes to African, Asian, and Australian hunter-gatherer diversity to investigate phenotypic similarities to other populations globally. The results demonstrate that despite sharing small adult stature, the Andaman Islanders and Aeta show variation in body dimensions. In particular, the Andaman Islanders share a pattern of narrow bi-iliac breadth and short upper limbs with the Khoisan (Later Stone Age Southern Africans), whereas the Aeta and Efé show broader bi-iliac breadths relative to lower limb lengths. Although general similarities in size and proportions remain between the Andamanese and Aeta, differences in humero-femoral indices and arm length between these groups and the Efé demonstrate that there is not a generic "pygmy" phenotype. Our interpretations of negrito origins and adaptation must account for this phenotypic variation. Abstract The "negrito hypothesis" suggests that populations of smallbodied foragers in South and Southeast Asia who share common phenotypic characteristics may also share a common, ancient origin. The key defining characteristics of the "negrito" phenotype, small body size, dark skin, and tightly curled hair, have been interpreted as linking these populations to sub-Saharan Africans. The underlying assumption of this interpretation is that the observed phenotypic similarities likely reflect shared ancestry rather than phenotypic convergence. Current genetic evidence is inconclusive, as it both demonstrates that negrito populations have genetic affinities with neighboring populations but also rare and ancient variation that suggests considerable isolation. This study investigates the skeletal phenotype of Andaman Islanders and Aeta foragers from the Philippines in the context of the phenotypic variation among other hunter-gatherers globally, to test whether they show a common, unique physique apart from small body size. Particular emphasis is placed on the comparison of negrito phenotypes to African, As...

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Unique origin of Andaman Islanders: insight from autosomal loci

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Larger mitochondrial DNA than Y-chromosome differences between matrilocal and patrilocal groups from Sumatra

Larger mitochondrial DNA than Y-chromosome differences between matrilocal and patrilocal groups from Sumatra

Genetic structures of the Tibetans and the Deng people in the Himalayas viewed from autosomal STRs

The Skeletal Phenotype of “Negritos” from the Andaman Islands and Philippines Relative to Global Variation among Hunter-Gatherers

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