Unique Sugar Metabolic Pathways of Bifidobacteria

Fushinobu, Shinya

doi:10.1271/bbb.100494

Cited by 92 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Kitaoka et al (19,20) proposed a metabolic pathway for GNB from core-1 mucin-type O-glycans and Gal-␤1,3-GlcNAc (LNB) from human milk oligosaccharides based on the characterization of the genes encoded in the GNB/LNB operon (BLLJ_1620-BLLJ_1626) of B. longum. Fushinobu et al (21,22) characterized the GNB/LNB-binding protein (BLLJ_1626) of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-type sugar transport system in the GNB/LNB pathway. As shown in supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel β-l-Arabinofuranosidase in Bifidobacterium longum

Fujita

Takashi

Obuchi

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: ␤-L-Arabinofuranosyl linkages are found in many plant biopolymers, but the degradation enzyme has never been found. Results: A novel ␤-L-arabinofuranosidase was found in Bifidobacterium longum. Conclusion: ␤-L-Arabinofuranosidase plays a key role in Bifidobacterium longum for ␤-L-arabinooligosaccharides usage. Significance: The members of DUF1680 family might be used for the degradation of plant biopolymers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel β-l-Arabinofuranosidase in Bifidobacterium longum

Fujita

Takashi

Obuchi

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…As with all bifidobacteria, B. longum catabolizes carbohydrates via the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase pathway, which is characteristic of the genus and thus termed the bifid shunt. This ATP-generating pathway results in acetate and lactate secretion to recycle cofactors required in substrate level phosphorylation (8,9). The theoretical yield is an acetate: lactate ratio of 3:2 mol produced for every 2 mol of hexose that enters the bifid shunt.…”

Section: Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Human Gut Commensal Ferments Cranberry Carbohydrates To Produce Formate

Özcan

Sun

Rowley

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Commensal bifidobacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and catabolize glycans that are impervious to host digestion. Accordingly, Bifidobacterium longum typically secretes acetate and lactate as fermentative end products. This study tested the hypothesis that B. longum utilizes cranberry-derived xyloglucans in a strain-dependent manner. Interestingly, the B. longum strain that efficiently utilizes cranberry xyloglucans secretes 2.0 to 2.5 mol of acetate-lactate. The 1.5 acetate:lactate ratio theoretical yield obtained in hexose fermentations shifts during xyloglucan metabolism. Accordingly, this metabolic shift is characterized by increased acetate and formate production at the expense of lactate. α-l-Arabinofuranosidase, an arabinan endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase, and a β-xylosidase with a carbohydrate substrate-binding protein and carbohydrate ABC transporter membrane proteins are upregulated (>2-fold change), which suggests carbon flux through this catabolic pathway. Finally, syntrophic interactions occurred with strains that utilize carbohydrate products derived from initial degradation from heterologous bacteria. IMPORTANCE This was a study of bacterial metabolism of complex cranberry carbohydrates termed xyloglucans that are likely not digested prior to reaching the colon. This is significant, as bifidobacteria interact with this dietary compound to potentially impact human host health through energy and metabolite production by utilizing these substrates. Specific bacterial strains utilize cranberry xyloglucans as a nutritive source, indicating unknown mechanisms that are not universal in bifidobacteria. In addition, xyloglucan metabolism proceeds by using an alternative pathway that could lead to further research to investigate mechanisms underlying this interaction. Finally, we observed cross-feeding between bacteria in which one strain degrades the cranberry xyloglucan to make it available to a second strain. Similar nutritive strategies are known to occur within the gut. In aggregate, this study may lead to novel foods or supplements used to impact human health through rational manipulation of the human microbiome.

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“…The addition of the GOS or the GOS-IN product had the most profound effects on these 3 parameters. Most bifidobacterial species produce both acetic acid and lactic acid at a characteristic 3:2 ratio through the bifid shunt pathway during carbohydrate fermentation (70), and they are also acid tolerant and able to grow well at low pH (71). E. coli is known to be inhibited at low pH (72).…”

Section: Fig 2 Phs (A) and Acetic Acid Concentrations (B) Determined mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic Oligosaccharides: Comparative Evaluation Using In Vitro Cultures of Infants' Fecal Microbiomes

Stiverson

Williams

Chen

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The objective of this study was to systematically assess the bifidogenic effect of three commonly used prebiotic products using in vitro cultures of infant fecal samples. Fresh stool samples collected from six term infants, each exclusively fed human milk (n ‫؍‬ 3) or infant formula (n ‫؍‬ 3), at 28 days of age were used as inocula. The following prebiotic products were added at concentrations applicable to infant formula: Vivinal IN). The growth of total bacteria, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium longum, and Escherichia coli was quantified using specific quantitative PCR (qPCR). Bifidobacterium was also enumerated on selective Beerens agar plates, with representative colonies identified by sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) and pH in the cultures were also determined. Irrespective of the feeding methods, the GOS product, either alone or in combination with Beneo HP, resulted in substantially higher growth of total bifidobacteria, and much of this growth was attributed to growth of B. longum. Beneo Synergy 1 also increased the abundance of total bifidobacteria and B. longum. Corresponding to the increases in these two bacterial groups, acetic acid concentrations were higher, while there was a trend of lower E. coli levels and pH. The lower pH and higher acetic acid concentration might be directly responsible for the lower E. coli population. At the concentrations studied, the GOS product was more bifidogenic and potent in inhibiting E. coli than the other products tested. These results suggest that supplementation of infant formula with GOS may increase intestinal bifidobacteria and benefit infant health. It is generally accepted that human milk-fed infants and formulafed infants can have different gut microbiomes. The demonstrated differences in the gut microbiomes include a greater abundance of Bifidobacterium and a lower abundance of clostridia and enteric bacteria in human milk-fed infants than in formula-fed infants (1, 2). Such differences in gut microbiomes are believed to contribute to the benefits associated with human milk feeding, such as protection against infection and allergy (3-5), as well as long-term health and neurodevelopment (5-7). Human milk contains high levels of more than 200 structures of nondigestible oligosaccharides (8, 9), whereas cow milk contains virtually no oligosaccharides (10). Therefore, without supplementation, oligosaccharides are nearly absent in cow milk-based infant formulas. The difference in nondigestible oligosaccharides between human milk and infant formula is believed to be a main reason for the observed differences in intestinal microbiomes between infants receiving these two types of feeding (9, 11).Nondigestible oligosaccharides can be added to infant formula as prebiotics to increase its oligosaccharide content (12). However, the prebiotics commercially available for inclusion in infant formula are limited in variety, and the nondigestible oligosaccharides contained in most prebiotic products are much simpler in structu...

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Unique Sugar Metabolic Pathways of Bifidobacteria

Cited by 92 publications

References 105 publications

Characterization of a Novel β-l-Arabinofuranosidase in Bifidobacterium longum

Characterization of a Novel β-l-Arabinofuranosidase in Bifidobacterium longum

A Human Gut Commensal Ferments Cranberry Carbohydrates To Produce Formate

Prebiotic Oligosaccharides: Comparative Evaluation Using In Vitro Cultures of Infants' Fecal Microbiomes

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