Unique T cell signatures associated with reducedChlamydia trachomatisreinfection in a highly exposed cohort

Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, despite effective antibiotics. Information regarding natural immunity to CT will inform vaccine design. The objectives of this study were to determine immune cell populations and functional features associated with reduced risk of CT reinfection or endometrial CT infection. PBMCs were collected from a cohort of CT-exposed women who were tested for CT and other STIs at the cervix and endometrium (to determine ascension) and were repeatedly tested over the course of a year (to determine reinfection). Mass cytometry identified major immune populations and T cell subsets. Women with CT had increased CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) compared to uninfected women. Specifically, Th2, Th17, and Th17 DN CD4+ TEM were increased. Th17 and Th17 DN CD4+ central memory T cells (TCM) were increased in women who did not experience follow-up CT infection, suggesting that these cells may be important for protection. These data indicate that peripheral T cells display distinct features that correlate with natural immunity to CT and suggest that the highly plastic Th17 lineage plays a role in protection against reinfection.

Advances in Chlamydia trachomatis Vaccination: Unveiling the Potential of Major Outer Membrane Protein Derivative Constructs

“…Also, increased cytokine and chemokine levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 (T helper (Th)1 differentiation), and CX3CL1 (T cell chemoattractant) have been found in endocervical secretions [ 1 ]. A signature of central memory CD4 + Th17 cells has been associated with reduced C. trachomatis reinfection in a highly exposed cohort [ 26 ]. Such studies on the identification of the clinical correlates of protection in the context of C. trachomatis infections in humans are crucial for the development of effective vaccines.…”