Unit-Cell Loaded With PIN Diodes for 1-Bit Linearly Polarized Reconfigurable Transmitarrays

Reconfigurable Antennas: Switching Techniques—A Survey

“…Using these switches, the antenna structure can be reconfigured, which causes the redistribution of the surface current and alters the antenna's fundamental characteristics in terms of frequency, radiation pattern and polarization. The implementation of such a reconfigurable antenna with switching elements is easy and has received lots of attention in research [29][30][31][32]. Next, different methods along with some examples of electrically reconfigurable antennas to obtain the corresponding reconfigurability function with their own advantages and disadvantages using PIN diodes, varactors or MEMS switches are described.…”

Beam Scanning Capabilities of a 3D-Printed Perforated Dielectric Transmitarray

“…In view of their features, transmitarrays have been widely considered for the realization of multibeam [14,15] or beam scanning antennas [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The most straightforward way to obtain the beam steering is that of integrating active elements in the unit-cell, such as p-i-n diodes [16][17][18][19][20] or varactor diodes [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]: the resulting radiation features are good, but the same considerations already done for active arrays apply. An alternative solution can be the use of a passive TA illuminated by a moving feed or by a feed array, generating beams that impinge on the TA surface with different incident angles and are therefore focused by the TA itself in different directions [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Three Phase Resolution Transmitarray Element for Electronically Reconfigurable Transmitarrays

“…Besides the electronically reconfigurable transmitarray based on varactors, various transmitarrays using RF switches such as RF-MEM [9], p-i-n diodes [10][11][12][13] have been proposed. Although RF switches cannot provide a continuous phase variation, they are much more suitable for transmitarrays operating at high frequencies, especially in millimeter-wave frequency band.…”

“…Moreover, the RF switches are not much sensitive to DC voltage, this makes the reconfigurable transmitarrays using RF-switches more stable against the fluctuation of DC bias voltage. In [10][11][12], an 1-bit reconfigurable transmitarray element using two p-i-n diodes and in [13], a 2-bit reconfigurable transmitarray element have been proposed. The disadvantage of the reconfigurable transmitarray using RF switches is the low phase resolution.…”

“…The three phase states are ob- tained by using four p-i-n diodes. The proposed element is an extended version of our previous work [12] for the purpose of increasing the number of phase states of the transmitarray element. Four additional p-i-n diodes are biased in pairs, which makes the biasing network simple.…”