United States and Japanese Application of Titanate Coupling Agents in Polyolefins

Monte, Salvatore J.; Sugerman, G.

doi:10.1080/03602558108067701

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It has been found possible to considerably improve the impact strength of polyolefins by treating the CaCO3 particles with ethylene glycol or ethylene oxide oligomer [264,265]; this however is accompanied by reduction of the modulus and tensile strength, but the relative elongation is increased. The authors of [244,245] attribute the increased impact strength to formation of a thin elastic layer of sufficiently high molecular mass. The latter promotes rapid redistribution of loads and releases the internal stresses.…”

Section: Effect Of Adhesion On Pcm Properties Property Control By Momentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the case of PE + CaCO3, the critical volumetric concentration of filler up to which no reduction of the impact strength of the composite occurs, increases markedly if 1-3% organotitanate are stuck on the filler surface [244,245]. It has been found possible to considerably improve the impact strength of polyolefins by treating the CaCO3 particles with ethylene glycol or ethylene oxide oligomer [264,265]; this however is accompanied by reduction of the modulus and tensile strength, but the relative elongation is increased.…”

Section: Effect Of Adhesion On Pcm Properties Property Control By Momentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a series of reviews [244][245][246] the models proposed for the assessment of the effect of fillers on the complex of PCM properties are discussed. Analysis of the models shows that, for a fixed filler content, the strength must be higher in compositions with fillers featuring the absolute adhesion to the matrix than in systems with little or no adhesion.…”

Section: Effect Of Adhesion On Pcm Properties Property Control By Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assures a high degree of dispersibility of the solid particles of the filler, removal of moisture and air from the surfaces, a material improvement of the rheological properties of filled compositions. Also, it is possible to use much greater percentages of cheap filler [244,245,262].…”

Section: Effect Of Adhesion On Pcm Properties Property Control By Momentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Enikolopyan

Fridman

Stal'nova

et al. 1990

Filled Polymers I Science and Technology

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In this review the wide spectrum of properties of filled polymer systems is generalized. Classical and modern conceptions dealing with the influence of the boundary layer and filler on melting and crystallization of the polymer matrix. Polymer properties in the melted and condensed state are considered, attention being given to the influence of the filler particle size and shape, the nature of its surface, its structure, and agglomeration on the theological and mechanical characteristics of composites.Data on structure and properties of filled thermoplastic composites are summarized for the first time. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of composites with modified polymerized filler behavior during rheological and mechanical testing and processing of such composites. IntroductionPolymeric composite materials (PCM) belong to one of the most important classes of structural materials attracting ever growing interest, as manifested by the huge flow of published scientific and technical information dealing with the problems of developing, preparing, processing and using PCM [1]. Whereas the oil and gas fuel crisis has receded recently, the problem of their restrained use still remains an urgent one if only because the oil and gas reserves are not unlimited and practically non-reproducible. Estimates by specialists have shown [2,3] that the development of PCM with a view to cut the consumption of polymeric materials can only be economically feasible if not less than 15% by volume of the filler are added.Waste products from a number of commercial processes can be used as cheap and readily available fillers for PCM. For example, lightweight structural materials may be obtained by filling various low-viscous resins with waste materials [4,5]. Also by adding fillers to reprocessed polymers it is possible to improve their properties considerably and thus return them to service [6]. This method of waste utilization is not only economically feasible but also serves an ecological purpose, since it will help to protect the environment from contamination. The maximum percentage of the filler should in these cases be such as to assure reliable service of the article made from the PCM under specified conditions for a specified period of time.However, the chief purpose of introduction of fillers into PCM is to make possible the modification of polymers and thereby create materials with a prescribed set of physico-mechanical properties, and, obviously, the properties of filled materials may be controlled by, for example, varying the type of the base polymer (the "matrix") and filler, its particle size distribution and shape. It may not require a large quantity of filler [7]. Thanks to considerable advances in PCM research, their use in a broad range of industries -machine building, construction, aerospace technology, etc. -has become extensive [8][9][10][11].Development of an assortment of polymeric composite materials, decSsions concerning their possible scope of applicability and service conditions involve research in...

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Section: Effect Of Adhesion On Pcm Properties Property Control By Momentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Effect Of Adhesion On Pcm Properties Property Control By Momentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effect Of Adhesion On Pcm Properties Property Control By Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Adhesion On Pcm Properties Property Control By Momentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Enikolopyan

Fridman

Stal'nova

et al. 1990

Filled Polymers I Science and Technology

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Modification of wood fiber surface by grafting and its effect on mechanical properties of polystyrene filled system

Raj

Kokta

Daneault

1989

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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Polystyrene (PS) was reinforced/fiiled with grafted thermomechanical pulp (TMP) of aspen and birch. The dependence of tensile properties of composites on different loadings of filler, on polymer loading in grafted fiber, on the presence of homopolymer in grafted fiber, and on impregnation of fibers with PS were studied. PS filled with grafted aspen and birch (lower polymer loading) showed a significant increase in tensile strength and modulus. Fracture energy and elongation of the composites decreased with an increase in the concentration of filler. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG :Polystyrol (PS) wurde mit gepfropftem thermomechanischem Zitterpappel-und Birkenzellstoff verstarkt bzw. gefilllt. Die Abhiingigkeit der Zugfestigkeitseigenschaften der Verbundstoffe von verschiedenen Gehalten an Fullstoff, vom Polymergehalt der gepfropften Faser, von der Anwesenheit von Homopolymerem in der gepfropften Faser und von der Impragnierung der Fasern mit PS wurde untersucht. PS, das mit gepfropftem Zitterpappel-und Birkenzellstoff gefiillt war, zeigte eine deutliche Verbesserung der Zugfestigkeit und des Spannungswertes. Die Bruchenergie und die Dehnung der Verbundstoffe nahm mit Zunahme der Konzentration an Fullstoff ab. * C.S.F.: Canadian Standard Freeness is frequently used in pulp and paper technology, gives an indication of fiber size.

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Studies on mechanical properties of polyethylene–organic fiber composites. I. Nut shell flour

Raj

Kokta

Nizio³

1992

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISComposites were made from polyethylene and an organic fiber (pecan shell and peanut hull flour) using a compression-molding technique. Studies of variations in molding temperature ( 145-180°C), fiber concentration (0-40% by weight), and fiber mesh size ( 100, 200, and 325) were correlated to the mechanical properties of the composites (tensile strength, elongation, fracture energy, modulus, and impact strength). In untreated nut shell composites, tensile strength decreased steadily as the fiber concentration increased. This was due to poor bonding between the untreated fiber and polymer. Polyisocyanate was used as a coupling agent and its effect on mechanical properties of the composites was studied. Significant improvement in tensile strength was achieved with an isocyanate coupling agent, but it had no effect on modulus of the composites. Both untreated and isocyanate-treated composites had lower impact strength values; further composite matrix modifications would be necessary to maintain or improve impact strength.

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United States and Japanese Application of Titanate Coupling Agents in Polyolefins

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Modification of wood fiber surface by grafting and its effect on mechanical properties of polystyrene filled system

Studies on mechanical properties of polyethylene–organic fiber composites. I. Nut shell flour

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