Universal automated classification of the acoustic startle reflex using machine learning

Fawcett, Timothy J.; Longenecker, Ryan J.; Brunelle, Dimitri L.; Berger, Joel I.; Wallace, Mark N.; Galazyuk, Alexander V.; Rosen, Merri J.; Salvi, Richard; Walton, Joseph P.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2022.108667

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can help us to observe the microstructural changes of fibers like CRP ( 40 ). In addition, the acoustic startle reflex (ASR), a brainstem-mediated reflex via RST, is also a good way to examine RST excitability non-invasively ( 135 ). Certain objective methods for PSS assessment and their prospective applications in MSA studies are exhibited in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into acupuncture techniques for poststroke spasticity

Wang

Fidimanantsoa

2023

Front. Public Health

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With the trend of aging population getting more obvious, stroke has already been a major public health problem worldwide. As a main disabling motor impairment after stroke, spasticity has unexpected negative impacts on the quality of life and social participation in patients. Moreover, it brings heavy economic burden to the family and society. Previous researches indicated that abnormality of neural modulation and muscle property corelates with the pathogenesis of poststroke spasticity (PSS). So far, there still lacks golden standardized treatment regimen for PSS; furthermore, certain potential adverse-events of the mainstream therapy, for example, drug-induced generalized muscle weakness or high risk related surgery somehow decrease patient preference and compliance, which brings challenges to disease treatment and follow-up care. As an essential non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture has long been used for PSS in China and shows favorable effects on improvements of spastic hypertonia and motor function. Notably, previous studies focused mainly on the research of antispastic acupoints. In comparison, few studies lay special stress on the other significant factor impacting on acupuncture efficacy, that is acupuncture technique. Based on current evidences from the clinic and laboratory, we will discuss certain new insights into acupuncture technique, in particular the antispastic needling technique, for PSS management in light of its potential effects on central modulations as well as peripheral adjustments, and attempt to provide some suggestions for future studies with respect to the intervention timing and course, application of acupuncture techniques, acupoint selection, predictive and aggravating factors of PSS, aiming at optimization of antispastic acupuncture regimen and improvement of quality of life in stroke patients. More innovations including rigorous study design, valid objective assessments for spasticity, and related experimental studies are worthy to be expected in the years ahead.

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Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into acupuncture techniques for poststroke spasticity

Wang

Fidimanantsoa

2023

Front. Public Health

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“…According to [10,11], Machine Learning will play a dominant role in the next generation of wireless technology because it provides a faster solution in the Electromagnetic domain. To create a consistent method for evaluating Startle Reflex, [12] designed a machine learning program and process that can categorize Startle Reflex wave patterns across various animal models automatically. The spectrogram of the S-parameter is processed using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) by [13] to identify the necessary features and classification boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemp-Alumina Composite Radar Absorption Reflection Loss Classification

Mara

Subagio

Khusna

et al. 2023

JOIV : Int. J. Inform. Visualization

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The Radar Absorption Material (RAM) method is a coating for reducing the energy of electromagnetic waves received by converting the electromagnetic waves emitted by radar into heat energy. Hemp has been studied to have the strongest and most stable tensile characteristics of 5.5 g/den and has higher heat resistance compared to other natural fibers. Combining the characteristics of hemp with alumina powder (Al2O3) and epoxy resin could provide a stealth technology system that is able to absorb radar waves more optimally, considering that alumina has light, anti-rust and conductive properties. The electromagnetic properties of absorbent coatings can be predicted using machine learning. This study classifies the reflection loss of Hemp-Alumina Composite using Random Forest, ANN, KNN, Logistic Regression, and Decision Tree. These machine learning classifiers are able to generate predictions immediately and can learn critical spectral properties across a wide energy range without the influence of data human bias. The frequency range of 2-12 GHz was used for the measurements. Hemp-Alumina composite has result that the most effective structure thickness is 5mm, used as a RAM with optimum absorption in S-Band frequencies of -15,158 dB, C-Band of -16,398 dB and X-Band of -23,135 dB. The highest and optimum reflection loss value is found in the X-Band frequency with a thickness of 5mm which is equal to -23.135 dB with an absorption bandwidth of 1000 MHz and efficiencyof 93.1%. From this result, it is proven that Hemp-Alumina Composite is very effective to be used as a RAM on X-Band frequency. Based on the results of the experiments, the Random Forest Classifier has the highest values of accuracy (0.97) and F1 score (0.98). The F1 score and accuracy of Random Forest are 0.96 and 0.97, respectively, and do not significantly differ from KNN.

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Tinnitus Generation and Behavioral Changes Caused by Chronic Stress: A Behavioral and Brain Study in a Rat Model

Kim,

Yu,

Kim

et al. 2024

The Laryngoscope

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ObjectivesThis study explores the connection between chronic stress and tinnitus, a phantom auditory perception, using an animal model.MethodsRats were subjected to 2 h of daily restraint stress for 10 days. Tinnitus was assessed on the last day of stress exposure using the gap response of pre‐pulse inhibition acoustic reflex, measured at 60 dB background sound level at 8, 16, and 20 kHz. Chronic stress‐exposed rats were categorized into two groups: tinnitus (RTG) and non‐tinnitus (RNTG). Various tests, including hearing assessments (distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response), behavioral evaluations (elevated plus maze test and forced swimming test), and immunohistochemical studies in the auditory and limbic brain regions, were conducted to understand the relationship between chronic stress, tinnitus, and behavioral changes.ResultsFollowing chronic restraint stress, 64.3% of the rats exhibited tinnitus with no audiometric changes. EPM and FST indicated an increase of anxiety‐ and depression‐related behavior in RTG. Immunohistochemical analyses identified specific alterations in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors within brain regions implicated in tinnitus. Specifically, we observed a decrease in γ‐aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 expression and an increase in glutamate receptor (N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subunit 1 and receptor subunit 2B) expression in specific brain region. These changes suggest a reorganization of neural circuits associated with the tinnitus generation and behavioral changes of the rats after chronic stress exposure.ConclusionChronic stress alone can be a causal factor for the generation of tinnitus and behavioral changes through altered neural activities in tinnitus‐related brain networks.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024

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Universal automated classification of the acoustic startle reflex using machine learning

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

New insights into acupuncture techniques for poststroke spasticity

New insights into acupuncture techniques for poststroke spasticity

Hemp-Alumina Composite Radar Absorption Reflection Loss Classification

Tinnitus Generation and Behavioral Changes Caused by Chronic Stress: A Behavioral and Brain Study in a Rat Model

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