Universal characteristics and consequences of the addiction syndrome.

Bühringer, Gerhard; Kräplin, Anja; Behrendt, Silke

doi:10.1037/13751-015

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(231 reference statements)

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“…Whereas the stronger PMN effect in the substance group is consistent with the PMN effect across groups, the reversed effect of rIFG activity in the substance group is surprising. Please note that although this exploratory result is potentially interesting and points toward the possibility that substance-related and nonsubstance-related addictions are characterized by related but distinct neurocognitive impairments (Bühringer, Kräplin, & Behrendt, 2012;Goschke, 2014), we had no hypotheses about between-group effects, since they were not the focus of the present study. Table 5 summarizes results for the participants in the control group only.…”

Section: Appendix 1 Addiction Symptoms In the Study Sample And Analysmentioning

confidence: 89%

Monitor yourself! Deficient error-related brain activity predicts real-life self-control failures

Krönke

Wolff

Mohr

et al. 2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Despite their immense relevance, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying real-life self-control failures (SCFs) are insufficiently understood. Whereas previous studies have shown that SCFs were associated with decreased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG; a region involved in cognitive control), here we consider the possibility that the reduced implementation of cognitive control in individuals with low self-control may be due to impaired performance monitoring. Following a brain-as-predictor approach, we combined experience sampling of daily SCFs with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a Stroop task. In our sample of 118 participants, proneness to SCF was reliably predicted by low error-related activation of a performance-monitoring network (comprising anterior mid-cingulate cortex, presupplementary motor area, and anterior insula), low posterror rIFG activation, and reduced posterror slowing. Remarkably, these neural and behavioral measures predicted variability in SCFs beyond what was predicted by self-reported trait self-control. These results suggest that real-life SCFs may result from deficient performance monitoring, leading to reduced recruitment of cognitive control after responses that conflict with superordinate goals.

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Section: Appendix 1 Addiction Symptoms In the Study Sample And Analysmentioning

confidence: 89%

Monitor yourself! Deficient error-related brain activity predicts real-life self-control failures

Krönke

Wolff

Mohr

et al. 2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…Executive functions are cognitive mechanisms that enable the coordination, configuration, monitoring and evaluation of sensory, cognitive and motor systems in terms of overarching goals (Goschke, 2017;Norman & Shallice, 1986). These mechanisms are central to functional human behaviour in everyday life and work; impairments of those mechanisms are associated with several mental disorders (Bühringer et al, 2012), such as gambling addiction (Kräplin et al, 2014) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Endrass et al, 2014). Though research on executive functions comprised a wide range of phenomena (e.g., Achtziger & Gollwitzer, 2010;Gollwitzer, 1995;James, 1890;Kuhl, 1983Kuhl, , 1996, a phenomenon of special interest was our ability to switch between the affordances of different situations or tasks in everyday behaviour (Norman & Shallice, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s not a bug, it’s a feature: A novel paradigm for studying executive functions

Wehner,

Herbers,

Pannasch

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In everyday life, we handle a multitude of different stimuli and tasks. Mastering this challenge is based on the use of executive functions, for example, to prioritize, select and shield task processing against distractions. However, the situations that require the use of executive functions vary. There are externally structured situations and situations that can be self-structured by the people involved themselves. The latter hence vary in requiring sub-capabilities of executive functions. In the scientific study of executive functions, these different situations hence exhibit different empirical phenomena and pose different challenges to experimental control. Here, we aim to examine effects that are typical for external and self-structured situations. To address the challenges of these type of situations, we developed a paradigm which makes demands on highly self-structure for successful task processing but still provides sufficient experimental control. The paradigm was used in two experiments in which participants inspected images of spring meadows with a variety of leaves, flowers and bugs. Participants had to mark all bugs based on three different characteristics but were free to choose their processing order and strategy. The exploratory Experiment 1 was used to derive hypotheses from the behaviour of the participants; these hypotheses were tested in the preregistered Experiment 2. Our results confirm typical effects from task switching research which usually focus on externally structured situations. Furthermore, we have identified various stable processing strategies and influences of processing sequences which can only be found in self-structured situations. Therefore, our results combine established findings from paradigms with externally structured situations and hence strong experimental control with new findings from self-structured situations and thus open a window into yet experimentally largely untapped aspects of executive functions.

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“…This study is focused on psychosocial factors, specifically on different aspects of the individuals' social networks and relationships (here collectively labelled social ties), and their role when considering problematic alcohol use and problem gambling. For substance use disorders, social tie factors such as social networks or social support can act as both risk and protective factors (Bühringer, Kräplin & Behrendt, 2012). In a review, McCrady (Castrén et al, 2013) and in a smaller cross-sectional Australian sample (McQuade & Gill, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problematic alcohol use and problem gambling: Associations to structural and functional aspects of social ties in a Finnish population sample

Nordmyr

Forsman

Österman

2016

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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AIMS-This study aims to explore associations between structural and functional aspects of social networks and relationships (here labelled social ties) among individuals exhibiting problematic alcohol use and problem gambling, respectively. MATERIAL & METHODS-Data was collected in the 2011 Western Finland Mental Health Survey, a postal questionnaire survey applying a stratified random sampling approach. The survey response rate was 46.2% (n = 4624, age range 15-80 years). Problem behaviours were assessed using the CAGE and Lie/Bet tools. Logistic regression analyses were performed, with problematic alcohol use and problem gambling as dependent variables. Demographic variables, structural social tie factors (marital status, frequency of social contacts, engagement in association activities) and functional social tie factors (experienced loneliness, social support, neighbourhood trust, general trust) constituted explanatory variables. RESULTS-In this representative population sample, only one structural social tie variable, marital status, proved to be significantly associated with one of the outcomes (problematic alcohol use). Identical functional social tie variables were associated with both problematic alcohol use and problem gambling: individuals exhibiting the problem behaviours experienced higher levels of experienced loneliness and low levels of neighbourhood trust. Identified interaction effects with demographic factors highlight the complexity of links. CONCLUSIONS-Functional aspects of individual-level social ties appear to be more relevant when studying problematic alcohol use or problem gambling, similarly to other forms of mental health problems. The role of social ties as preventive or risk factors for problem behaviour development, as a part of problem behaviour maintenance or as a cessation and a recovery resource should be further explored, considering also interactions with demographic variables.

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Universal characteristics and consequences of the addiction syndrome.

Abstract: Genetic and Neurochemical CharacteristicsRecent reviews have indicated that, among people with addiction, there are abnormal receptor, neurotransmitter, and other regulating activities related to transmitter and drug metabolism ( J. E. Grant,

Cited by 8 publications

References 165 publications

Monitor yourself! Deficient error-related brain activity predicts real-life self-control failures

Monitor yourself! Deficient error-related brain activity predicts real-life self-control failures

It’s not a bug, it’s a feature: A novel paradigm for studying executive functions

Problematic alcohol use and problem gambling: Associations to structural and functional aspects of social ties in a Finnish population sample

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