Near-field
radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) arises between objects
separated by nanoscale gaps and leads to dramatic enhancements in
heat transfer rates compared to the far-field. Recent experiments
have provided first insights into these enhancements, especially using
silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces, which support surface
phonon polaritons (SPhP). Yet, theoretical analysis suggests that
SPhPs in SiO2 occur at frequencies far higher than optimal.
Here, we first show theoretically that SPhP-mediated NFRHT, at room
temperature, can be 5-fold larger than that of SiO2, for
materials that support SPhPs closer to an optimal frequency of 67
meV. Next, we experimentally demonstrate that MgF2 and
Al2O3 closely approach this limit. Specifically,
we demonstrate that near-field thermal conductance between MgF2 plates separated by 50 nm approaches within nearly 50% of
the global SPhP bound. These findings lay the foundation for exploring
the limits to radiative heat transfer rates at the nanoscale.