Universal phase behaviors of intracellular lipid droplets

Shimobayashi, Shunsuke F.; Ohsaki, Yuki

doi:10.1101/741264

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…2D) characteristic of smectic liquid-crystalline packing 27,28 . This is fully consistent with the fact that LDs consist of a disordered liquid-fat core and a shell comprising crystalline fat layers 29 . Remarkably, LDs isolated from WAT under western diet display a very dense rim with strong birefringence (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Biophysical and genetic cues regulating the structural remodeling of adipose tissue upon caloric excess

Zhou

Bandara²,

Leal

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Obesity is an alarmingly common and serious disease. Adipose tissue stores excess calories as triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesteryl ester in lipid droplets (LDs). How fat packing is regulated in the different adipose depots (white versus brown) and how diet composition alters this packing remain poorly understood. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that LDs are liquid-crystalline, packing TAG in a disordered core with a multilamellar crystalline shell. Western diet increases the number of TAG lamellae in both the depots, while high fat diet alters only the white adipose. Consistently, collagen packs randomly in white fat, forming a permissive environment for LD expansion but is highly oriented in brown fat. During obesity, decrease in chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), the endogenous bile acid ligand of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is noted. Moreover, FXR deletion leads to enlarged adipocytes, whereas addition of CDCA promotes LD breakdown. These findings uncover that BAs, diet, and tissue niche dictate LD structural remodeling.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Biophysical and genetic cues regulating the structural remodeling of adipose tissue upon caloric excess

Zhou

Bandara²,

Leal

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Yeast biochemical studies also proposed similar segregation of TGs and SEs into discrete layers within LDs (Czabany et al, 2008). This lipid reorganization is attributed to the biophysical properties of SEs, which can transition from disordered to ordered smectic phases under physiological conditions (Kroon, 1981), (Ginsburg et al, 1984), (Shimobayashi S, 2019), (Czabany et al, 2008). Such phase transitions are also associated with human pathologies including atherosclerosis, and liquid-crystalline LDs were even observed in the macrophage of a patient with Tangier disease (Lundberg, 1985), (Katz et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-crystalline lipid phase transitions in lipid droplets selectively remodel the LD proteome

Rogers

Gui

Kovalenko

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Lipid droplets (LDs) are reservoirs for triglycerides (TGs) and sterol-esters (SEs). How lipids are organized within LDs and influence the LD proteome remains unclear. Using in situ cryo-electron tomography, we show that glucose restriction triggers lipid phase transitions within LDs generating liquid-crystalline lattices inside them. Mechanistically, this requires TG lipolysis, which alters LD neutral lipid composition and promotes SE transition to a liquid-crystalline phase. Fluorescence imaging and proteomics further reveal that LD liquid-crystalline lattices selectively remodel the LD proteome. Some canonical LD proteins including Erg6 re-localize to the ER network, whereas others remain on LDs. Model peptide LiveDrop also redistributes from LDs to the ER, suggesting liquid-crystalline-phases influence ER-LD inter-organelle transport. Proteomics also indicates glucose restriction elevates peroxisome lipid oxidation, suggesting TG mobilization provides fatty acids for cellular energetics. This suggests glucose restriction drives TG mobilization, which alters the phase properties of LD lipids and selectively remodels the LD proteome.

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“…The probable higher dynamics of LD formation in the bovine blastocysts may also be supported by higher expression of the NSDHL gene. Its product is involved in synthesis of cholesterol, which after esterification is one of the main components of the LD core [ 20 ]. Moreover, we have observed higher expression of the ACSL3 gene in bovine blastocysts, which is involved in the generation of long-chain acyl-CoA and modulates cellular fatty acid uptake [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Stores and Lipid Metabolism Associated Gene Expression in Porcine and Bovine Parthenogenetic Embryos Revealed by Fluorescent Staining and RNA-seq

Kajdasz

Warzych

Derebecka

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Compared to other mammalian species, porcine oocytes and embryos are characterized by large amounts of lipids stored mainly in the form of droplets in the cytoplasm. The amount and the morphology of lipid droplets (LD) change throughout the preimplantation development, however, relatively little is known about expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of early embryos. We compared porcine and bovine blastocyst stage embryos as well as dissected inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast (TE) cell populations with regard to lipid droplet storage and expression of genes functionally annotated to selected lipid gene ontology terms using RNA-seq. Comparing the number and the volume occupied by LD between bovine and porcine blastocysts, we have found significant differences both at the level of single embryo and a single blastomere. Aside from different lipid content, we found that embryos regulate the lipid metabolism differentially at the gene expression level. Out of 125 genes, we found 73 to be differentially expressed between entire porcine and bovine blastocyst, and 36 and 51 to be divergent between ICM and TE cell lines. We noticed significant involvement of cholesterol and ganglioside metabolism in preimplantation embryos, as well as a possible shift towards glucose, rather than pyruvate dependence in bovine embryos. A number of genes like DGAT1, CD36 or NR1H3 may serve as lipid associated markers indicating distinct regulatory mechanisms, while upregulated PLIN2, APOA1, SOAT1 indicate significant function during blastocyst formation and cell differentiation in both models.

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Universal phase behaviors of intracellular lipid droplets

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Biophysical and genetic cues regulating the structural remodeling of adipose tissue upon caloric excess

Biophysical and genetic cues regulating the structural remodeling of adipose tissue upon caloric excess

Liquid-crystalline lipid phase transitions in lipid droplets selectively remodel the LD proteome

Lipid Stores and Lipid Metabolism Associated Gene Expression in Porcine and Bovine Parthenogenetic Embryos Revealed by Fluorescent Staining and RNA-seq

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