Universality of the Shear Viscosity from Supergravity Duals

Buchel, Alex; Liu, James T.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.090602

Cited by 493 publications

(680 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One may be surprised that the shear viscosity is not greater than or equal to 1/4π. The reason is that the theorem of [55] is not applicable because R 0 0 = R x x . Instead, in this version of the soft wall model, one finds by explicit computation that…”

Section: Gauge/gravity Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous Properties of Strongly Interacting Matter at High Temperature

Kapusta

2010

Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics

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Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at high energy, and the data are well-reproduced by perfect fluid dynamics. In a separate development, calculation of the dimensionless ratio of shear viscosity η to entropy density within AdS/CFT yields η/s = 1/4π, which has been conjectured to be a lower bound for any physical system. It is shown that the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons has behavior similar to helium, nitrogen, and water at and near their phase transitions in the ratio η/s. Conversely, there are indications that the ratio of bulk viscosity ζ to entropy density may have a maximum in the vicinity of the phase transition. Therefore it is possible that experimental measurements can pinpoint the location of the transition or rapid crossover in QCD via the ratios η/s and ζ/s in addition to and independently of the equation of state.

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Section: Gauge/gravity Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous Properties of Strongly Interacting Matter at High Temperature

Kapusta

2010

Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics

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“…In [6], these authors computed the shear viscosity η of strongly-coupled N =4 super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in 3 + 1 dimensions and at finite temperature. They found that the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density equals 1/4π, a result that was later argued to be universal, in the sense that it applies to any gauge theory described by a supergravity dual, in the limit of large 't Hooft coupling [8]. 1 These results raised the tantalizing possibility of using AdS/CFT to study the QGP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drag force in a charged Script N = 4 SYM plasma

Cáceres

Güijosa

2006

J. High Energy Phys.

140

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“…P = ε/3 and ζ = 0 follow just from conformal invariance. 4πη/s = 1 for the fluid in any non-Abelian gauge theory with a dual gravitational description, in the strong coupling and large-N c limit [34][35][36][37]. Note that the stress-energy tensor depends on symmetric combinations of the fluid gradients ∂ α u β and is independent of the fluid vorticityω…”

Section: Gravitational Description Of a Moving Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fluid velocity gradients on heavy quark energy loss

Lekaveckas

Rajagopal

2014

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Abstract:We use holographic duality to analyze the drag force on, and consequent energy loss of, a heavy quark moving through a strongly coupled conformal fluid with non-vanishing gradients in its velocity and temperature. We derive the general expression for the drag force to first order in the fluid gradients. Using this general expression, we show that a quark that is instantaneously at rest, relative to the fluid, in a fluid whose velocity is changing with time feels a nonzero force. And, we show that for a quark that is moving ultra-relativistically, the first order gradient "corrections" become larger than the zeroth order drag force, suggesting that the gradient expansion may be unreliable in this regime. We illustrate the importance of the fluid gradients for heavy quark energy loss by considering a fluid with one-dimensional boost invariant Bjorken expansion as well as the strongly coupled plasma created by colliding sheets of energy.

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Universality of the Shear Viscosity from Supergravity Duals

Abstract: Kovtun, Son, and Starinets proposed a bound on the shear viscosity of any fluid in terms of its entropy density. We argue that this bound is always saturated for gauge theories at large 't Hooft coupling, which admit holographically dual supergravity description.

Cited by 493 publications

References 19 publications

Viscous Properties of Strongly Interacting Matter at High Temperature

Viscous Properties of Strongly Interacting Matter at High Temperature

Drag force in a charged Script N = 4 SYM plasma

Effects of fluid velocity gradients on heavy quark energy loss

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