Universities and the Startup of New Companies: Can We Generalize from Route 128 and Silicon Valley?

Bania, Neil; Eberts, Randall W.; Fogarty, Michael S.

doi:10.2307/2110037

Cited by 159 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Bania et al (1993) found university research associated with firm births in Electronics but not in Instruments. Maine et al (2010) find larger benefits of clustering and proximity to universities for biotech firms, which they attribute to their reliance on tacit knowledge that decays significantly with greater distance because it is not easily codified and typically is transmitted by personal interactions.…”

Section: Conceptual Framework and Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The interest in high-tech firms stems from their research intensiveness and role in innovation and raising standards of living. A critical issue, however, is how likely it is that the successes of hightechnology centers such as Silicon Valley, Route 128 (Bania, 1993) and North Carolina's Research Triangle (Goldstein, 2005) can be replicated elsewhere. The academic literature has focused extensively on the role of clusters, urban agglomeration, and universities in the development of the high-tech sector (e.g., Maggioni, 2004;Smilor et al, 2007;Florida et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geography and High-Tech Employment Growth in US Counties‡

Fallah

Partridge

Rickman

2013

Journal of Economic Geography

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Abstract. This paper investigates the role of geography in high-tech employment growth across U.S. counties. The geographic dimensions examined include industry cluster effects, urbanization effects, proximity to a research university, and proximity in the urban hierarchy. Growth is assessed for overall high-tech employment and for employment in various high-tech sub-sectors. Econometric analyses are conducted separately for samples of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. Among our primary findings, we do not find evidence of positive localization or within-industry cluster growth effects, generally finding negative growth effects. We instead find evidence of positive urbanization effects and growth penalties for greater distances from larger urban areas. Universities also appear to play their primary role in creating human capital rather than knowledge spillovers for nearby firms. Quantile regression analysis confirms the absence of within-industry cluster effects and importance of human capital for counties with fast growth in high-tech industries.

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Section: Conceptual Framework and Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography and High-Tech Employment Growth in US Counties‡

Fallah

Partridge

Rickman

2013

Journal of Economic Geography

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“…Blumenthal et al (1996), for example, show that -in the life sciences -faculty with more than two-thirds of their research support from industry sources have lower rates of publication and write less influential articles than other faculty with less industry support. Yet universities are clearly identified as the source of exceptional regional entrepreneurial activities that have spurred the development of high technology (Jaffe, 1989;Bania, Eberts &Fogerty, 1993, Jensen andThursby, 2001;Hall, Link, & Scott, 2003;Link and Scott, 2003). Leading private universities (e.g., Harvard, MIT, and Stanford) and some of the land-grant public universities (e.g., University of California and University of Wisconsin) are well known for their outstanding performance in technology transfer and licensing revenue generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency and technological change at US research universities

et al. 2011

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This paper investigates the determinants of efficiency and technological progress at US research universities. It relies on a unique panel data set of multiple outputs and inputs from 92 universities covering the period 1981-1998. Over that time span, US universities experienced large increases in industry funding and in academic patenting activity. In this context, the directional distance function and a nonparametric representation of the underlying production technology are combined to obtain estimates of productivity growth and technical efficiency. A pooled-Tobit estimator is used to examine the determinants of technical efficiency and the rate of technological progress. The results show how changes in funding sources for U.S. research universities affects research performance.

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“…They report that this result is fragile to including a control for metro area size. Bania, Eberts, and Fogarty (1993) find that university research in a metro area only positively affected business start-ups in the metro area in one industry, electrical and electronic equipment, out of the six industries they studied. They also point out that even if university research leads to innovation, "any resulting new products or processes will frequently be developed in other locations" (p.…”

Section: Randd Spilloversmentioning

confidence: 85%

Higher Education, the Health Care Industry, and Metropolitan Regional Economic Development: What Can Eds and Meds Do for the Economic Fortunes of a Metro Area's Residents?

Bartik¹,

Erickcek²

2007

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effects of expansions in higher educational institutions and the medical service industry on the economic development of a metropolitan area. This examination pulls together previous research and provides some new empirical evidence. We provide quantitative evidence of the magnitude of economic effects of higher education and medical service industries that occur through the mechanism of providing some export-base demand stimulus to a metropolitan economy. We also provide quantitative evidence on how much higher education institutions can boost a metropolitan economy through increasing the educational attainment of local residence. We estimate that medical service industries pay above average wages, holding worker characteristics constant, whereas the higher education industry pays below average wages; the wage standards of these industries may affect overall metropolitan wages. We also discuss other mechanisms by which these two industries may boost a metropolitan economy, including: increasing local amenities, generating R&D spillovers, increasing the rate of entrepreneurship in local businesses, and helping provide local leadership on development and growth issues. Finally, the paper discusses possible effects of these two industries on disparities between the central city and suburbs in a metropolitan area.JEL Classification: R58, R11, R23, R53Paper prepared for the Conference on Urban and Regional Policy Effects, held on March 29-30, 2007, and sponsored by the George Washington University Institute of Public Policy and School of Public Policy and Administration, the Brookings Institution, and the Urban Institute. The authors appreciate the assistance of Wei-Jang Huang, Claire Black, Linda Richer, Babette Schmitt, and Julie Kurtz. We also thank Lara Shore-Sheppard, Diane Pfundstein, and David Jaeger for help in matching metro areas from the various censuses. This paper should not be construed as official views of any of the sponsors of this conference, or of the Upjohn Institute. A substantially shortened version of this paper was published in the book Urban and Regional Policy and Its Effects (Margery Austin Turner, Howard Wind, and Hal Wolman, eds.) with an average of 6 percent of total city jobs accounted for by these large eds and meds (Harkavy and Zuckerman 1999).Even if eds and meds boost the economy of their nearby neighborhoods and cities, eds and meds may not boost th...

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Universities and the Startup of New Companies: Can We Generalize from Route 128 and Silicon Valley?

Cited by 159 publications

References 4 publications

Geography and High-Tech Employment Growth in US Counties‡

Geography and High-Tech Employment Growth in US Counties‡

Efficiency and technological change at US research universities

Higher Education, the Health Care Industry, and Metropolitan Regional Economic Development: What Can Eds and Meds Do for the Economic Fortunes of a Metro Area's Residents?

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