Universities’ Endowments in Developing Countries: The Perspectives, Stakeholders and Practical Implications

Nguyen, Nguyen Phong; Mogaji, Emmanuel

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88234-1_14

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In Nigeria, the government and other policymakers work with universities through the university’s regulatory board to ensure that policies are in place to support students with disabilities, irrespective of gender, course or background (Ndofirepi et al, 2020; Olaleye et al, 2020). We cannot, however, ignore the financial implications of this policy development, which challenges the government to provide funds for universities to invest in infrastructure and resources to support students (Mogaji, et al, 2022; Nguyen and Mogaji, 2022b), and possibly to provide a Disabled Students’ Allowance, as is done in the UK, to cover the students’ study-related costs attributable to their disabilities.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the work placement experience of students with disabilities

Mogaji

Nguyen

2022

Industry and Higher Education

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Work placement learning enhances self-efficacy and work readiness for students. However, students with disabilities often have a different experience with regard to work placements. With a growing number of people with disabilities in universities, it is essential to provide students who have disabilities with an inclusive learning and working environment. Expanding on previous studies that have explored industrial work placement in higher education across different levels of disabilities, this study is contextualised in Nigeria and adopts an integrative literature review approach to critically review and synthesise the literature on student experience, disability, work placement and higher education in the country. This process enables the development of a new theoretical framework and perspective for enhancing the work placement experience of students with disabilities. The study contributes to the existing knowledge regarding work experience, students with disabilities and student experiences in developing countries. It also has practical implications for stakeholders involved in work placements for students with disabilities.

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Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the work placement experience of students with disabilities

Mogaji

Nguyen

2022

Industry and Higher Education

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“…The Nobel Foundation indicates that this level of reimbursement will cover future expenses [19]. At the same time, it is worth noting that since 2016, the Nobel Foundation has been a signatory of the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investments [20].…”

Section: Endowment Capital In Non-governmental Organizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endowment Capital in Financing Selected Organizations in the Science Sector

Kolek

2022

J Econ Managem Res

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Organizations need funds for their functioning. This is particularly important in the case of entities whose activities are oriented not only to achieving profit, but also pursuing other social goals. Financing an organization with endowment funds allows the organization to remain independent and survive while reducing the prices for the services provided. The first part of the study indicates the definitional aspects of "endowment capital" and the research method used in the study. The next part of the study presents an analysis of endowment management at Harvard University, the University of Oxford and the Nobel Foundation. The last part of the article presents the conclusions from the analyses.

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“…Building high-quality datasets in these languages therefore requires the more costly measures of finding, creating, and scanning texts to build new language corpora (Perrigo 2023). Building evaluation datasets requires the further step of hiring and training native language speakers to label data (Nguyen et al 2022;Salganik 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Toward Better Automated Content Moderation in Low-Resource Languages

Nicholas,

Bhatia

2023

jots

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Social media companies have learned the hard way that poor moderation of content in languages other than English can have grave consequences. Leaving harmful content up, particularly in regions where social media platforms are primary news and communication channels, has fueled conspiracy theories, violence, and even genocide around the world (Fink 2018; Iyengar 2018). American social media companies have long faced criticism for underinvesting in regions outside the US and Europe. In response, Meta, Google, and others have begun to deploy new multilingual language models that they claim can effectively detect and take action on harmful content in dozens if not hundreds of languages (Jigsaw 2021; Meta AI 2021b).In previous work, we have argued that these models have critical shortcomings that limit their ability to perform highly language-and context-specific tasks, such as content moderation (Nicholas and Bhatia 2023b). One shortcoming is that these multilingual language models are trained predominantly on English-language text, which leads them to apply an Anglocentric lens onto their analysis of texts from non-English linguistic and cultural contexts. This is due in large part to what natural language processing (NLP) researchers call the "resourcedness gap," or the gap between the quantity, quality, and diversity of training data available in English and every other language (Joshi et al. 2020). In low-resource languages there are few, if any, high-quality examples of digitized text, which hampers developers of these models from training and evaluating models on high-quality examples of speech in those languages.The resourcedness gap exists due to many factors, including British colonialism, which has driven mass production of English-language text, and the hegemony of American technology companies, which has further contributed to English as the language of the internet and digital exchange. This gap may widen if funders and those with the mandate for public interest do not intervene (Nicholas and Bhatia 2023a). However, Western technology companies are not financially incentivized to close this gap, and global academic institutions also tend to prioritize and privilege research and development of technologies in English at the expense of other, lower-resource languages (Bender 2019). Without key investments, the current incentive structures will continue to perpetuate the preferential treatment of the English language in computer science and, in turn, in automated trust and safety systems. This commentary argues that what we now face is a free-rider problem, where technology companies, academic institutions, and the public at large would benefit greatly from increased investments into low-resource language development, but no one actor is currently incentivized to do so. But with a few modest investments, governments, grantmaking organizations, and social media companies can

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Universities’ Endowments in Developing Countries: The Perspectives, Stakeholders and Practical Implications

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Enhancing the work placement experience of students with disabilities

Enhancing the work placement experience of students with disabilities

Endowment Capital in Financing Selected Organizations in the Science Sector

Toward Better Automated Content Moderation in Low-Resource Languages

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