“…Broadly speaking, UCE is connected to universities’ participation in public life and their surrounding communities, building awareness of and intervening in current social or public issues (Goddard et al, 2016; Hazelkorn, 2017; Koekkoek et al, 2021; Teixeira and Shin, 2020). The idea of UCE includes myriad related terms, such as social or public engagement (Cuthill, 2011). In addition, the term ‘third mission’ has been used in discussions about the relationships between universities and society, a topic that has gained in prominence in the last decade or so in Europe and abroad (Laredo, 2007; Pinheiro et al, 2015).…”