“…The flow of knowledge has important potential benefits for regions because of spillovers from university to industry affecting not only technology, but other relevant variables for the economic system (Jaffe, 1989;Jaffe et al, 1993;Anselin et al, 1997;Anselin et al, 2000;Verspagen and Schoenmakers, 2000;Maurseth and Verspagen, 2002;Acosta and Coronado, 2003;Agrawal and Cockburn, 2003;Fischer and Varga, 2003;Audretsch et al, 2005;Calderini and Scellato, 2005;Abramovsky et al, 2007;Acosta et al, 2011a). The proliferation of a consistent literature illustrating the importance of physical proximity for knowledge flows and for the promotion and development of innovation and new firm formation, along with the high degree of self-government enjoyed by many European regions, makes it clear that the study of university knowledge is relevant not only in national or supranational contexts, but also at the regional level.…”