1990
DOI: 10.1016/0883-9026(90)90027-q
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University spin-out companies: Technology start-ups from UT-Austin

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Cited by 242 publications
(122 citation statements)
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“…They argue that academic spin-offs should meet the following criteria: (1) founders have to come from a university, (2) the activity of the company has to be based on technical ideas generated in the university environment, and (3) the transfer from the university to the company has to be direct and not through intermediate employment. This definition is echoed by Smilor et al (1990) and Carayannis et al (1998) who define a spin-off as a company founded by a faculty member, staff member or student who left the university to start a company or who started the company while still affiliated to the university. Over the years, many definitions of academic spin-offs have emerged where scholars generally agree that these derive from technologies developed within a university and the individuals who pursue their commercialisation including academic staff, students and graduates (Clarysse et al, 2007;Pirnay, 2003;Steffensen et al, 2000;Klofsten and Jones-Evans, 2000).…”
Section: Setting the Contextmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They argue that academic spin-offs should meet the following criteria: (1) founders have to come from a university, (2) the activity of the company has to be based on technical ideas generated in the university environment, and (3) the transfer from the university to the company has to be direct and not through intermediate employment. This definition is echoed by Smilor et al (1990) and Carayannis et al (1998) who define a spin-off as a company founded by a faculty member, staff member or student who left the university to start a company or who started the company while still affiliated to the university. Over the years, many definitions of academic spin-offs have emerged where scholars generally agree that these derive from technologies developed within a university and the individuals who pursue their commercialisation including academic staff, students and graduates (Clarysse et al, 2007;Pirnay, 2003;Steffensen et al, 2000;Klofsten and Jones-Evans, 2000).…”
Section: Setting the Contextmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dentro de este colectivo se incluye a actuales o antiguos estudiantes de grado o de formación continua. Mientras unos autores (Smilor et al, 1990;Rappert et al, 1999;Bellini et al, 1999) consideran ambos tipos de empresas como spin-offs, otros excluyen como tales a las spinoffs de estudiantes (Carayannis et al 1998;Steffensen et al, 2000;Birley, 2002;Rubiralta 2003). Para nosotros este último tipo de empresas constituye una de las principales fuentes de confusión entre los autores que trabajan en este campo, pues las spin-offs de estudiantes, en sentido estricto, no pueden ser consideradas como verdaderas spin-offs, debido a que en la mayoría de las ocasiones la transferencia de conocimiento generado en la universidad no es un elemento determinante para la creación de la empresa.…”
Section: Según El Status De Las Personas Que Han Dado Origen a La Ideaunclassified
“…Por tanto, no incluyen dentro de las spin-offs universitarias a las que explotan un conocimiento no patentado (McQueen y Walmark, 1982;Hague y Oakley, 2000;Steffensen et al, 2000;Shane, 2004;Lockett y Wright, 2005;HEFCE, 2008). En cambio otros autores incluyen ambos tipos de spin-offs (Smilor et al, 1990;Rappert et al, 1999;Klofsten y Jones-Evans, 2000;RedOTRI, 2004).…”
Section: Según Si Se Transfiere Conocimiento Patentadounclassified
“…Una importante corriente de investigación en este ámbito trata de identificar los criterios de clasificación y comprensión de este complejo fenómeno. Muchos de estos autores han prestado atención a la necesidad de definir una tipología de spin-offs universitarias (Smirlor et al, 1990;Carayannis et al, 1998;Bellini et al, 1999;Rappert et al, 1999;Clarysse et al, 2000;Klofsten et al, 2000;Steffensen et al, 2000). Sus trabajos revelan dos principales dimensiones para la clasificación: por un lado, el estatus de los individuos involucrados en los procesos de creación de las nuevas empresas, de otro, la naturaleza del conocimiento transferido desde la universidad a la nueva empresa (Pirnay et al, 2003).…”
Section: Revisión Del Concepto Tipologías Y Determinantes De La Compunclassified