“…Some of these limitations are related to language features or contextual characteristics of the message. For example, the speed of delivery (Brown & Lee, 2015;Ur, 2012) or the speakers' accent, especially if no adequate training has been previously provided (Charpentier-Jiménez, 2019;Derwing & Munro, 2015;Field, 2011;Harmer, 2007), may limit students' processing time and frustrate their attempts to decode the message. Additionally, the type of vocabulary (Hadfield & Hadfield, 2008;Watkins, 2010) and the level of formality (Hadfield & Hadfield, 2008) could slow down students' ability to comprehend the message.…”