Unlocking a novel determinant of athletic performance: The role of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and “biotics” in exercise

Sales, Kate M; Reimer, Raylene A.

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.09.002

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…21 Acetate, a short-chain fatty acid generated from fiber fermentation, 71 is associated with four dietary patterns. Acetate may provide energy for muscles, 72 improve insulin sensitivity, 73 and potentially have anti-inflammatory effects. 74 Increased acetate may reduce frailty by energizing and inhibiting inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns, metabolomics and frailty in a large cohort of 120 000 participants

Yao,

Jia,

Chen

et al. 2024

Food Funct.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns, metabolomics and frailty in a large cohort of 120 000 participants

Yao,

Jia,

Chen

et al. 2024

Food Funct.

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“…Although the number of human studies is still limited, these findings support emerging evidence of the existence of a crosstalk between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle through lactate (generated during exercise) and its conversion to SCFAs by the gut microbes which, consequently, could improve athletic performance 25 . In fact, SCFAs have been recently defined as “biotics” (substances able to modulate the microbiome by increasing the abundance of beneficial microbes) that could be used as an exogenous microbiome modulation approach for improving health and athletic performance 136 . Interestingly, a recent study discovered a gut–brain connection in mice that enhances athletic performance by increasing dopamine signaling during PA 137 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Microbiome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Pérez-Prieto,

Plaza-Florido,

Ubago-Guisado

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background. The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on human health are well known, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Growing evidence points to physical activity as an important modulator of the microbial composition, while evidence of sedentary behavior is scarce. We aimed to synthesize and meta-analyze the current evidence about the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on microbiome across different body sites and in different populations. Methods. A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was conducted until September 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses including cross-sectional studies (active vs. inactive / athletes vs. non-athletes) or trials reporting the chronic effect of physical activity interventions on gut microbiome alpha-diversity in healthy individuals were performed. Results. Ninety-one studies were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analyses of 2632 participants indicated no consistent effect of physical activity on microbial alpha-diversity, although there seems to be a trend toward a higher microbial richness in athletes compared to non-athletes. We observed an increase in short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella or Roseburia in active individuals and after physical activity interventions. Conclusions. Physical activity levels were positively associated with the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria. Athletes seem to have a richer microbiome compared to non-athletes. However, high heterogeneity between studies avoids to obtain conclusive information on the role of physical activity in microbial composition. Future multi-omics studies would enhance our understanding of the molecular effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the microbiome.

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“…Likewise, the three bacterial species in our study did not respond equally to exercise. Recent research has also shown that exercise can stimulate genes encoding the production of SCFAs such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate [ 59 , 67 , 68 ]. The results of measuring the concentration of two important metabolites of SCFAs, including propionate and butyrate, in the present study confirmed this issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet

Solouki,

Gorgani-Firuzjaee,

Jafary

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Physical exercise is known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and control the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. In this research, we intend to investigate and compare the effect of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings (HIIT and CET) on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats. A number of Wistar rats were made diabetic by a high-fat diet and trained under two types of exercise protocols, HIIT and CET. After taking samples from the cecal tissue and serum of rats to reveal the effect of exercise, three microbial species from the Firmicute and Bacteroid phyla, which are the main types of intestinal microbes, and their metabolites include two short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), butyrate and propionate and also, the inflammatory factors TLR4 and IL6 were analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. In general, exercise while increasing the representative of Firmicute has caused a relative reduction of Bacteroides and improved the concentration of SCFAs. In this regard, HIIT outperforms CET in up-regulating Akkermansia and Butyrivibrio expression, and butyrate and propionate metabolites concentration. Also, both exercises significantly reduced cecal expression of TLR4 and sera concentration of IL6 compared to the diabetic group, although the reduction rate was higher in the CET group than in HIIT. Our findings suggest that some symptoms of metabolic syndrome such as intestinal dysbiosis and the resulting metabolic disorders are better controlled by HIIT and inflammation by CET. Certainly, more extensive research on other contributing factors could help clarify the results.

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Unlocking a novel determinant of athletic performance: The role of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and “biotics” in exercise

Cited by 31 publications

References 85 publications

Dietary patterns, metabolomics and frailty in a large cohort of 120 000 participants

Dietary patterns, metabolomics and frailty in a large cohort of 120 000 participants

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Microbiome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Efficacy of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet

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