Unlocking Exosome-Based Theragnostic Signatures: Deciphering Secrets of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

Abstract

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological cancer worldwide. Unfortunately, the lack of early detection methods translates into a substantial cohort of women grappling with the pressing health crisis. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) (their major subpopulation exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) has provided new insights into the understanding of cancer. Exosomes, a subpopulation of EVs, play a crucial role in cellular communication and reflect the cellular status under both healthy and pathological conditions. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) dynamically influence ovarian cancer progression by regulating uncontrolled cell growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the development of drug and therapeutic resistance. In the field of OC diagnostics, TEXs offer potential biomarkers in various body fluids. On the other hand, exosomes have also shown promising abilities to cure ovarian cancer. In this review, we address the interlink between exosomes and ovarian cancer and explore their theragnostic signature. Finally, we highlight future directions of exosome-based ovarian cancer research.

Identification and immunological role of cuproptosis in osteoporosis

“…EVA1B known as the protein-coding gene, is an essential paralog of the EVA1A gene. It is a protein important for the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes that has a role in autophagy and apoptosis [ [ [30] , [31] , [32] ]] As OP is associated with autophagy and apoptosis, there may be some correlation between OP and EVA1B, although the relationship between them haven't been elucidated yet. RTCB was initially discovered as a human tRNA splicing ligase complex's key subunit [ [ 33 , 34 ]].…”

Identification of PANoptosis-related genes as prognostic indicators of thyroid cancer

“…The above results are consistent with the conclusions of our study and imply the formation of TAB3 -initiated PANoptosis, composed of caspase-7- and FADD -related apoptosis, MLKL -mediated necroptosis, and GSDMD -executed pyroptosis. Proline-serine-threoninephosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) modulates F-actin bundling and facilitates the formation of filopodia, strongly indicating that this protein is involved in cancer invasion [ 50 , 51 ]. PYCARD is constituted of a pyrin domain (PYD) and a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) [ 52 , 53 ].…”