Unlocking nonlinear dynamics and multistability from intensive
                        longitudinal data: A novel method.

Cui, Jingmeng; Hasselman, Fred; Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Anna

doi:10.1037/met0000623

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…1 ) to be shallower, making this state easier malleable relatively minor everyday events. Future research could explore this further with recently developed analytical methods that quantify the stability of an attractor state [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complex systems perspective on chronic aggression and self-injury: case study of a woman with mild intellectual disability and borderline personality disorder

Hulsmans,

Otten,

Poelen

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Challenging behaviors like aggression and self-injury are dangerous for clients and staff in residential care. These behaviors are not well understood and therefore often labeled as “complex”. Yet it remains vague what this supposed complexity entails at the individual level. This case-study used a three-step mixed-methods analytical strategy, inspired by complex systems theory. First, we construed a holistic summary of relevant factors in her daily life. Second, we described her challenging behavioral trajectory by identifying stable phases. Third, instability and extraordinary events in her environment were evaluated as potential change-inducing mechanisms between different phases. Case presentation A woman, living at a residential facility, diagnosed with mild intellectual disability and borderline personality disorder, who shows a chronic pattern of aggressive and self-injurious incidents. She used ecological momentary assessments to self-rate challenging behaviors daily for 560 days. Conclusions A qualitative summary of caretaker records revealed many internal and environmental factors relevant to her daily life. Her clinician narrowed these down to 11 staff hypothesized risk- and protective factors, such as reliving trauma, experiencing pain, receiving medical care or compliments. Coercive measures increased the chance of challenging behavior the day after and psychological therapy sessions decreased the chance of self-injury the day after. The majority of contemporaneous and lagged associations between these 11 factors and self-reported challenging behaviors were non-significant, indicating that challenging behaviors are not governed by mono-causal if-then relations, speaking to its complex nature. Despite this complexity there were patterns in the temporal ordering of incidents. Aggression and self-injury occurred on respectively 13% and 50% of the 560 days. On this timeline 11 distinct stable phases were identified that alternated between four unique states: high levels of aggression and self-injury, average aggression and self-injury, low aggression and self-injury, and low aggression with high self-injury. Eight out of ten transitions between phases were triggered by extraordinary events in her environment, or preceded by increased fluctuations in her self-ratings, or a combination of these two. Desirable patterns emerged more often and were less easily malleable, indicating that when she experiences bad times, keeping in mind that better times lie ahead is hopeful and realistic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complex systems perspective on chronic aggression and self-injury: case study of a woman with mild intellectual disability and borderline personality disorder

Hulsmans,

Otten,

Poelen

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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“…It is important to note that we did not identify specific states, their distribution, or state shifts in a manner that could answer this question. This opens up a potential avenue for exploration in future studies (see, e.g., Cui et al, 2023).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal analysis of temporal affective variability within treatment for depression.

Paz,

Rafaeli,

Bar-Kalifa

et al. 2024

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective: Affective flexibility, the capacity to respond to life's varying environmental changes in a dynamic and adaptive manner, is considered a central aspect of psychological health in many psychotherapeutic approaches. The present study examined whether affective two-dimensional (i.e., arousal and valence) temporal variability extracted from voice and facial expressions would be associated with positive changes over the course of psychotherapy, at the session, client, and treatment levels. Method: A total of 22,741 mean vocal arousal and facial expression valence observations were extracted from 137 therapy sessions in a sample of 30 clients treated for major depressive disorder by nine therapists. Before and after each session, the clients self-reported their level of well-being on the outcome rating scale. Session-level affective temporal variability was assessed as the mean square of successive differences between consecutive two-dimensional affective measures. Results: Session outcome was positively associated with temporal variability at the session level (i.e., within clients, between sessions) and at the client level (i.e., between clients). Importantly, these associations held when controlling for average session-and client-level valence scores. In addition, the expansion of temporal variability throughout treatment was associated with steeper positive session outcome trajectories over the course of treatment. Conclusions: The continuous assessment of both vocal and facial affective expressions and the ability to extract measures of affective temporal variability from within-session data may enable therapists to better respond and modulate clients' affective flexibility; however, further research is necessary to determine whether there is a causal link between affective temporal variability and psychotherapy outcomes. What is the public health significance of this article?The current findings highlight the potential of computerized facial expressions and vocal analyses to capture moment-by-moment processes in psychotherapy sessions. The results suggest that clients' affective flexibility, which in this project was measured by depressed clients' capacity to dynamically shift their emotional states and their arousal levels from one moment to the next, was associated with better session outcomes. The findings support therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing clients' affective flexibility. Future work is needed to determine the causal links between affective flexibility in depression and outcomes.

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Advancing Organizational Science With Computational Process Theories

Kuljanin,

Braun,

Grand

et al. 2024

The Leadership Quarterly

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Unlocking nonlinear dynamics and multistability from intensive longitudinal data: A novel method.

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

A complex systems perspective on chronic aggression and self-injury: case study of a woman with mild intellectual disability and borderline personality disorder

A complex systems perspective on chronic aggression and self-injury: case study of a woman with mild intellectual disability and borderline personality disorder

Multimodal analysis of temporal affective variability within treatment for depression.

Advancing Organizational Science With Computational Process Theories

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