Unlocking the genetic potential of Ethiopian durum wheat landraces with high protein quality: Sources to be used in future breeding for pasta production

Abstract

The content and composition of the grain storage proteins in wheat determine to a high extent its end‐use quality for pasta and bread production. This study aimed to evaluate the content and composition of the grain storage proteins in Ethiopian landraces and cultivars to contribute to future breeding toward improved pasta quality. Thus, 116 landraces and 34 cultivars originating from Ethiopia were grown in three locations, and the protein parameters were analyzed using size exclusion‐high performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC). A considerable variation in the amount of the analyzed protein parameters was found. The genotypes, environments, and interactions contributed significantly (p < 0.001) to the differences obtained. The broad‐sense heritability was high (0.75–0.98) for all protein parameters except for unextractable small monomeric protein (uSMP). Using the principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the impact of protein parameters and using either PCA or unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) to assess the impact of the genetic composition, the cultivar group was found to form a separate cluster. This indicates that durum wheat improvement in Ethiopia has relied on exotic materials, which might result from a narrow genetic base. Unlike most landraces, most released cultivars showed a high and stable gluten strength across environments. Two landraces, G057 and G107, were found genetically distinct from the released cultivars but with high and stable gluten. The two selected landraces might be of extremely high value for future use in durum wheat breeding programs, as they might be adapted to wide‐ranging Ethiopian growing conditions, they might carry genes of relevance to withstand abiotic and biotic stresses, and they seem to hold essential protein properties, which might result in high‐quality grains for industrial processes.

Mining of QTLs for Spring Bread Wheat Spike Productivity by Comparing Spring Wheat Cultivars Released in Different Decades of the Last Century

“…Therefore, cultivars released in different periods and landraces, along with modern cultivars, are widely included in panels used for comparative genetic studies [ 20 , 25 , 26 ]. This enables researchers not only to find sources of valuable traits among ex situ collection accessions (including sources for improving grain and flour quality among old cultivars [ 19 , 27 , 28 ]), but also to identify genome loci containing potentially valuable alleles. In turn, this makes it possible to develop technologies for accelerated marker selection and to discover new target genes for editing [ 29 , 30 ].…”