Unlocking the graphitization potential of lignin: insights into its transformation through hot pressing and carbonization

Abstract

Lignin’s non-graphitizable behavior has been well recognized as one of the most common issues hindering its valorization. In this study, we demonstrated the great potential of lignin for graphitization through...

Probing the evolution in catalytic graphitization of biomass-based materials for enduring energetic applications

“…Lignin contains a substantial amount of aromatic carbon, and it can synergize with catalysts, which is essential for the development of graphitic carbon structures at low temperatures. 27,44 These features enhance the potential for the production of high-quality graphite. Long et al 45 investigated the potential of harness lignin combined with a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8), to produce hierarchical porous core–shell graphitized superstructures.…”

“…6d). 44 As the temperature rises, the precursor experiences significant pyrolysis, leading to the release of volatile compounds and the formation of amorphous carbon. The catalyst intervenes in this process, promoting the growth of ordered graphitic domains by catalyzing the elimination of non-graphitic carbon species.…”

Advancing sustainable lignin valorisation: utilizing Z-scheme photocatalysts for efficient hydrogenolysis of lignin's β-O-4, α-O-4, and 4-O-5 linkages under ambient conditions

“…6–8 Traditional methods often rely on harsh chemicals and excessive energy input, raising environmental concerns and limiting practicality. 9–11 This work presents a transformative approach that addresses these limitations, achieving selective transformation of all three C–O linkages (β-O-4, α-O-4, and 4-O-5) in lignin models and simulated bio-oil under mild conditions using visible light photocatalysis. Photocatalytic processes offer pathways for cleavage of C–O linkages through oxidative and reductive mechanisms.…”