Unlocking the Potential of Molecularly Imprinted Polydopamine in Sensing Applications

Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors that mimic the specificity of biological antibody–antigen interactions. By using a “lock and key” process, MIPs selectively bind to target molecules that were used as templates during polymerization. While MIPs are typically prepared using conventional monomers, such as methacrylic acid and acrylamide, contemporary advancements have pivoted towards the functional potential of dopamine as a novel monomer. The overreaching goal of the proposed review is to fully unlock the potential of molecularly imprinted polydopamine (MIPda) within the realm of cutting-edge sensing applications. This review embarks by shedding light on the intricate tapestry of materials harnessed in the meticulous crafting of MIPda, endowing them with tailored properties. Moreover, we will cover the diverse sensing applications of MIPda, including its use in the detection of ions, small molecules, epitopes, proteins, viruses, and bacteria. In addition, the main synthesis methods of MIPda, including self-polymerization and electropolymerization, will be thoroughly examined. Finally, we will examine the challenges and drawbacks associated with this research field, as well as the prospects for future developments. In its entirety, this review stands as a resolute guiding compass, illuminating the path for researchers and connoisseurs alike.

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“…Phenyl groups offering π–π interactions, amines, and hydroxyl groups can help in the formation of hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, and the ethyl and phenyl groups help to bind via hydrophobic interactions. Overall, it is found from computational studies that dopamine is a suitable monomer for protein imprinting; however, non-specific interactions could lead to poor imprinting factors (0.82) due to comparable binding with NIP as well 49 (Fig. 3).…”