Unlocking the unrecognized flammability of deep eutectic solvents for green rocket fuels

Abstract

A new strategy for hybrid deep eutectic solvent (DESs) that are hypergolic with hydrogen peroxide was developed, in which the intruduction of transition metal components can effectively release the latent...

N-Alkyl-1,2,4-triazole–Borane Complexes as High-Density Hypergolic Materials

“…In the 1 H NMR spectrum, two peaks around  = 9.10-9.30 and 8.20-8.5 ppm can be assigned to the two hydrogens in triazole ring. In the 13 C NMR spectra, two peaks around  = 149 ppm and 144 ppm can be assigned to the two carbons in 1,2,4-triazole ring. In the 11 B NMR spectrum, a singlet peak at  = ca.…”

“…There is little doubt that this step significantly increases reaction time and costs, 12 hence it is particularly crucial to incorporate hypergolic reaction groups into propellant fuels using a straightforward technique. 13…”

“…There is little doubt that this step significantly increases reaction time and costs, 12 hence it is particularly crucial to incorporate hypergolic reaction groups into propellant fuels using a straightforward technique. 13 Shreeve's group initially reported the solubility of boranes in hypergolic ionic liquids in 2012, 14 and their analysis revealed amine boranes as exceptional hypergolic propellants and IL additives. 15 Furthermore, amine Lewis acid base adducts of boranes and borane derivatives, such as ammonia borane (AB), hydrazine borane (HB), Triethylamine-borane (TEAB), and hydrazine bisborane (HBB), are ideal hypergolic fuels.…”

Ionic Liquids: New Forms of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients with Unique, Tunable Properties

“…DESs, after all, belong to a huge class of compounds, and are composed of at least two components, and the physicochemical properties of the systems would depend on the types of intermolecular interactions arising between constituent molecules. DES (or ILs) are not necessarily nonflammable, for example, it has recently been shown that DESs can be hypergolic . In addition, their toxicity is not automatically determined by the overall toxicity and cytotoxicity of the starting materials, many DESs exhibit higher toxicity than the individual components …”

“…DES (or ILs) are not necessarily nonflammable, for example, it has recently been shown that DESs can be hypergolic. 263 In addition, their toxicity is not automatically determined by the overall toxicity and cytotoxicity of the starting materials, many DESs exhibit higher toxicity than the individual components. 264 A potential reason that the DES field currently is publishing misconceptions (as the IL field did), as elegantly stated in one paper, 265 is that a fundamental understanding of the IL field proceeded simultaneously with their application development, whereas the progress in DES applications happened too fast, and their fundamental understanding did not keep up with it.…”