Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest

Claesson, Andreas; Fredman, David; Svensson, Leif; Ringh, Mattias; Hollenberg, Jacob; Nordberg, Per; Rosenqvist, Mårten; Djärv, Therese; Osterberg, S; Lennartsson, J.; Ban, Yifang

doi:10.1186/s13049-016-0313-5

Cited by 184 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, previous research on drone-delivered AEDs is limited to three studies, all of which are based on covering-type location models. Two of these studies focus solely on optimizing drone base locations without considering system congestion (Pulver et al 2016, Claesson et al 2016). The third paper considers both optimal base locations and system congestion, where a queuing model to determine the number of drones required at each base is solved after the base locations have been optimized (Boutilier et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing a Drone Network to Deliver Automated External Defibrillators

et al. 2017

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Background Public access defibrillation programs can improve survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are rarely available for bystander use at the scene. Drones are an emerging technology that can deliver an AED to the scene of an OHCA for bystander use. We hypothesize that a drone network designed with the aid of a mathematical model combining both optimization and queuing can reduce the time to AED arrival. Methods We applied our model to 53,702 OHCAs that occurred in the eight regions of the Toronto Regional RescuNET between January 1st 2006 and December 31st 2014. Our primary analysis quantified the drone network size required to deliver an AED one, two, or three minutes faster than historical median 911 response times for each region independently. A secondary analysis quantified the reduction in drone resources required if RescuNET was treated as one large coordinated region. Results The region-specific analysis determined that 81 bases and 100 drones would be required to deliver an AED ahead of median 911 response times by three minutes. In the most urban region, the 90th percentile of the AED arrival time was reduced by 6 minutes and 43 seconds relative to historical 911 response times in the region. In the most rural region, the 90th percentile was reduced by 10 minutes and 34 seconds. A single coordinated drone network across all regions required 39.5% fewer bases and 30.0% fewer drones to achieve similar AED delivery times. Conclusion An optimized drone network designed with the aid of a novel mathematical model can substantially reduce the AED delivery time to an OHCA event.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing a Drone Network to Deliver Automated External Defibrillators

et al. 2017

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“…These first-responder programs might be effective in out-of-hospital settings. Particularly in public locations, the use of drones with a public-access AED can substantially reduce the AED delivery time to a location where an OHCA may be occurring [34,35]. Because the proportion of VF arrests decreases as the rhythm assessment by defibrillators is delayed [36], more patients in OHCA would benefit from PAD if public-access AED pads were attached earlier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public location and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the public-access defibrillation era in Japan

Kobayashi

Sado

Kiyohara

et al. 2020

Journal of Cardiology

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A B S T R A C TBackground: The use of public-access automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has become common in Japan. To provide a strategy for appropriate public-access AED deployment, we assessed public-access defibrillation (PAD) by laypersons and the outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) among adult patients by location of arrest. Methods: From a nationwide, prospective, population-based registry of patients after OHCA in Japan, we enrolled adult patients with bystander-witnessed OHCA of medical origin in public locations between 2013 and 2015. The primary outcome measure was one-month favorable neurological outcome defined by cerebral performance category 1 or 2. Factors associated with favorable neurological outcome after ventricular fibrillation (VF) were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 20,970 adult bystander-witnessed OHCAs of medical origin occurred in public locations. Of those, the proportions of PAD by location were: 13.1% (757/5761) in public areas, 15.9% (333/ 2089) at workplaces, 26.0% (544/2095) in recreation/sports areas, 36.1% (112/310) in educational institutions, and 5.8% (241/4151) on streets/highways. In a multivariable analysis of VF arrests, both bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.54-2.07] and PAD (AOR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.05-2.66), and emergency medical service (EMS) response time (AOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90) were associated with improved outcomes. Earlier PAD initiated by bystanders before EMS arrival was also associated with better outcomes after OHCA. Conclusions: In Japan, where public-access AEDs are well-disseminated, the PAD program worked effectively for adult OHCA of medical origin occurring in public locations. Notably, the proportions of PAD differed substantially according to specific public locations.

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“…In emergency medicine, studies have showed that the use of drones may prove to be safe and feasible for delivering an automated external defibrillator (AED) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in areas identified using GIS (Geographic Information System) models. 18 The various methods of delivering an AED after arrival onsite while keeping the drones within the line of sight were further studied. This study showed that the use of an AED-equipped drone might have the potential to reduce the time to defibrillation for OHCA.…”

Section: Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drones in medicine-The rise of the machines

Balasingam

2017

Int J Clin Pract

154

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Drones in medicine-The rise of the machines This is a medical kitty hawk moment.Drones are pilotless aircrafts that were initially used exclusively by the military but are now also used for various scientific purposes, public safety, and in commercial industries. The healthcare industry in particular can benefit from their technical capabilities and ease of use.Common drone applications in medicine include the provision disaster assessments when other means of access are severely restricted; delivering aid packages, medicines, vaccines, blood and other medical supplies to remote areas; providing safe transport of disease test samples and test kits in areas with high contagion; and potential for providing rapid access to automated external defibrillators for patients in cardiac arrest. Drones are also showing early potential to benefit geriatric medicine by providing mobility assistance to elderly populations using robot-like technology. Looking further to the future, drones with diagnostic imaging capabilities may have a role in assessing health in remote communities using telemedicine technology.The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in the European Union are some examples of legislative bodies with regulatory authority over drone usage. These agencies oversee all technical, safety, security and administrative issues related to drones. It is important that drones continue to meet or exceed the requirements specified in each of these regulatory areas. The FAA is challenged with keeping pace legislatively with the rapid advances in drone technology. This relative lag has been perceived as slowing the proliferation of drone use.Despite these regulatory limitations, drones are showing significant potential for transforming healthcare and medicine in the 21st century.Unmanned aerial vehicles or drones are aircrafts without on-board human pilots or passengers.Drones were first used in the late 1800s and early 1900s for various military operations. 1They are manufactured in various shapes and sizes, both small and big. Small drones can even be miniaturised to insect-sized devices.Larger drones possess long endurance at high altitudes and are capable of carrying large payloads.Aerial drones of today can be remotely controlled and launched in air using various methods depending on their type.2 They can be hand thrown, catapulted, launched from a pneumatic or rocket launcher, or even by conventional wheeled take-off from a prepared runway. 4-6With respect to this latter task, this paper identifies a myriad of potential drone applications in medicine as well as the current regulatory limitations affecting drone use. In addition, this paper identifies emerging developments in drone technology that may expand its current applications in medicine. The intent of this paper is to raise awareness of drones as a technological tool that can enable medical personnel to perform their jobs more effectively and ultimately save more lives. | ROLE OF DRONES IN MEDI...

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest

Cited by 184 publications

References 12 publications

Optimizing a Drone Network to Deliver Automated External Defibrillators

Optimizing a Drone Network to Deliver Automated External Defibrillators

Public location and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the public-access defibrillation era in Japan

Drones in medicine-The rise of the machines

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