Unmasking reasons for face mask resistance

Zagury-Orly, Ivry

doi:10.31646/gbio.80

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the US, factors that are reported to influence mask‐wearing in public include age, gender, and political affiliation. Females are more likely to wear a mask than males, and we saw how former president Trump influenced his followers on the matter (Jarry, 2020): The reason for this may be that men see mask‐wearing as “unmanly” (Zagury‐Orly, 2020). Experts in psychology explain the anti‐mask attitude in terms of psychological reactance (Taylor & Asmundson, 2021).…”

Section: Resistance and Misinformation About Mask‐wearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When people repeatedly see a particular widespread behavior, they are encouraged to do the same (Wall et al, 2020). A desire for conformity may dissuade people from wearing masks if others are not doing so (Zagury‐Orly, 2020). People may accept the guidance, especially when clear messages consistently come from a trusted source; however, some suggest personalizing the persuasion or modifying the message based on people's personal beliefs (Wall et al, 2020).…”

Section: How Can We Encourage the Public To Wear Masks?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Editorial: Facemasks revisited: What should health professionals be telling the public now about the use of masks?

Omura

Stone

2022

Nursing & Health Sciences

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Section: Resistance and Misinformation About Mask‐wearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Can We Encourage the Public To Wear Masks?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Facemasks revisited: What should health professionals be telling the public now about the use of masks?

Omura

Stone

2022

Nursing & Health Sciences

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“…The argument can be made for the use of face masks and their presentation in the news, what do media gatekeepers consider salient and relevant that would encourage the adoption of wearing a face mask in public? What outcomes have been promoted by media messages, literature has shown resistance to the adoption of face mask usage due to cultural, religious, societal, or personal bias to using a face mask in public (Lee et al, 2020;Zagury-Orly, 2020).…”

Section: Theoretical Framework -Framing Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) initially discouraged community mask use in its own published commissioned study (Chu et al, 2020), and reluctantly recommended community mask use in crowded places where social distancing is not possible (Sra et al,2020;Zagury-Orly, 2020). The US CDC shifted from actively recommending against community mask use to recommending it (Lyu & Wehby, 2020).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representation of face masks as a preventative measure during the Covid-19 pandemic in nigerian newspapers

Ndinojuo

2022

BJR

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– Face mask was identified as an important nonpharmaceutical intervention in halting the spread of Covid-19 across the globe. Health organizations issued advisories accordingly on the use of a face mask in public. To understand how Nigeria newspapers portray face masks in their news reports, a content analysis of four Nigerian newspapers was conducted from February 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020, to understand how face masks are framed in news reportage. News stories with face masks in the title and context of the study were descriptively analyzed. Findings revealed an under-reporting of face masks in Nigerian newspapers. Images were widely used in reporting face masks and pictures showing face masks or people wearing them made up about 50% of the total pictures used. The deductive analysis found 17 frames and five of the frames were prevalent, they include: advisory, punitive, production, donation, and crime frames. The study recommends that Nigerian newspapers include more information about the use of face masks in their reportage especially those that guide how to select, wear and care for face masks if the war against Covid-19 is to be won and enable society to function as it used to before the pandemic outbreak. RESUMO – A máscara facial foi identificada como uma importante intervenção não farmacológica para conter a disseminação da Covid-19 pelo mundo. As organizações de saúde emitiram recomendações adequadas sobre o uso de máscaras faciais em público. Para entender como os jornais da Nigéria retratam a máscara facial em suas reportagens, uma análise de conteúdo de quatro jornais nigerianos foi realizada de 1o de fevereiro de 2020 a 30 de setembro de 2020, buscando compreender de modo específico como a máscara facial é enquadrada nas reportagens. Foram analisadas, através de análise descritiva, as notícias que continham o termo máscara facial em seu título e no corpo da matéria. Os resultados revelaram uma subnotificação sobre as máscaras nos jornais nigerianos. Imagens foram amplamente utilizadas em reportagens sobre máscaras faciais, e fotos mostrando máscaras faciais ou pessoas usando-as representaram cerca de 50% do total das fotos utilizadas. A análise dedutiva encontrou 17 frames e cinco deles eram predominantes. Eles incluem: quadros consultivos, punitivos, de produção, doação e crime. O estudo recomenda que os jornais nigerianos incluam mais informações sobre o uso de máscara facial em suas reportagens, especialmente aquelas que fornecem orientação sobre como selecionar, usar e cuidar das mascaras, de modo a colaborar para que a guerra contra a Covid-19 seja vencida e que a sociedade funcione como costumava ser antes do início da pandemia. RESUMEN – La mascarilla facial se ha identificado como una importante intervención no farmacológica para contener la propagación de Covid-19 en todo el mundo. Las organizaciones sanitarias han emitido recomendaciones adecuadas sobre el uso de mascarillas en público. Para entender cómo los periódicos en Nigeria retratan la máscara facial en sus informes, se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de cuatro periódicos nigerianos desde el 1 de febrero de 2020 hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2020, buscando entender específicamente cómo se enmarca la máscara facial en los informes. Las noticias que contenían el término máscara facial en su título y en el cuerpo de la noticia se analizaron mediante un análisis descriptivo. Los resultados revelaron una escasa información sobre las máscaras en los periódicos nigerianos. Las imágenes se utilizaron ampliamente en los informes sobre máscaras faciales, y las fotos que mostraban máscaras faciales o personas que las llevaban representaron alrededor del 50% del total de las fotos utilizadas. En el análisis deductivo se encontraron 17 encuadres y cinco de ellos fueron predominantes, entre ellos: el de asesoramiento, el punitivo, el de producción, el de donación y el de delito. El estudio recomienda que los periódicos nigerianos incluyan más información sobre el uso de las mascarillas en sus reportajes, especialmente los que orientan sobre cómo seleccionarlas, usarlas y cuidarlas, para colaborar a que se gane la guerra contra el Covid-19 y que la sociedad funcione como lo hacía antes del inicio de la pandemia.

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“…Notably, mitigation efforts were less successful in places where individual freedoms are valued more than collective wellbeing [2] , [3] . In the United States, measures such as stay-at-home orders and mask requirements were criticized for violating personal freedom [4] , [5] , and efforts to discourage risky behavior failed to gain public acceptance [6] , [7] . One challenge to communicating about reducing one’s risk of spreading or coming into contact with the virus is that everyday activities like grocery shopping and going out to eat become behaviors with greater-than-normal risk during the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying harm reduction to COVID-19 prevention: The influence of moderation messages and risk infographics

Kemp

King

Upshaw

et al. 2022

Patient Education and Counseling

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Objective We propose that harm reduction messages advocating moderation versus abstinence from social interaction will be seen as less threatening and increase intentions to follow COVID-19 guidelines. We also examine two important moderators: the influence of risk framing and willingness to risk infection. Method A 2 × 2 between-participants, randomized experiment ( N = 476) varied infographics portraying low-risk behaviors, like going camping, versus high-risk behaviors, like attending a concert, followed by either moderation or abstinence guidelines. Participants in two additional control groups saw an infographic displaying either a full range of risk behaviors or behaviors that pose no risk, each followed by generic guidelines. Results Regression analyses show moderation messages are less freedom-threatening only when presenting low-risk behaviors. Persons more willing to risk infection found all messages more freedom-threatening; however, for these individuals, moderation messages increased behavioral intentions when risks were presented as high. Conclusion This study suggests harm reduction may be applied effectively in a pandemic, where the behavior of risk-tolerant individuals, at a population level, could have suboptimal effects on curbing virus transmission. Practice implications Health educators should communicate harm reduction with certain populations but also test to ensure messaging, including visuals communicating relative risks, are received as intended.

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Unmasking reasons for face mask resistance

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Editorial: Facemasks revisited: What should health professionals be telling the public now about the use of masks?

Editorial: Facemasks revisited: What should health professionals be telling the public now about the use of masks?

Representation of face masks as a preventative measure during the Covid-19 pandemic in nigerian newspapers

Applying harm reduction to COVID-19 prevention: The influence of moderation messages and risk infographics

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