Unobservables, Pregnancy Resolutions, and Birth Weight Production Functions in New York City

Grossman, Michael; Joyce, Ted

doi:10.1086/261716

Cited by 186 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…If each of these fatalities led to a 0.0032 increase in the probability of being in the low-birth-weight category, then roughly 241 of the estimated 786 children born in November to mothers living in Nablus were pushed below the 2,500 gram cuto¤ as a result of being exposed to armed con ‡ict during their …rst trimester in the womb. 26 Of course the …ghting was at its most intense in Nablus during these months, while other districts were calmer. Tulkarm were pushed below the 2,500 gram cuto¤ as a result of being exposed to violence during the …rst trimester.…”

Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Prenatal Stress on Birth Weight: Evidence from the al-Aqsa Intifada

Mansour

Rees

2011

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.IZA Discussion Paper No. 5535 February 2011 ABSTRACT The Effect of Prenatal Stress on Birth Weight: Evidence from the al-Aqsa IntifadaNo previous study has attempted to estimate the effect of intrauterine exposure to armed conflict, a potential source of stress, on pregnancy outcomes. Drawing on data from the 2004 Palestinian Demographic and Health Survey, we examine the relationship between fatalities caused by Israeli security forces (a measure of conflict intensity) and birth weight. Our estimates suggest that first-trimester fatalities are positively related to the probability that a child weighed less than 2,500 grams at birth. This result is consistent with medical studies showing a strong negative correlation between self-reported stress during the first trimester of pregnancy and birth weight.JEL Classification: I10, I12

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Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Prenatal Stress on Birth Weight: Evidence from the al-Aqsa Intifada

Mansour

Rees

2011

SSRN Journal

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“…Douglas Almond and Janet Currie (2011) argue that these investments have large and lifelong effects on children's well-being as adults. Moreover, a number of studies have shown that the availability of abortion improves infant outcomes by reducing the number of low-birthweight babies (Grossman and Jacobowitz 1981, Joyce 1987, Grossman and Joyce 1990. Using a specification identical to the one described above, table 2 examines whether the faster diffusion of the Pill in certain states affected the share of infants with low birthweights.…”

Section: B the Effects Of Increasing Legal Access To The Pill Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty Years of Family Planning: New Evidence on the Long-Run Effects of Increasing Access to Contraception

Bailey

2014

SSRN Journal

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This paper assembles new evidence on some of the longer-term consequences of U.S. family planning policies, defined in this paper as those increasing legal or financial access to modern contraceptives. The analysis leverages two large policy changes that occurred during the 1960s and 1970s: first, the interaction of the birth control pill's introduction with Comstock-era restrictions on the sale of contraceptives and the repeal of these laws after Griswold v. Connecticut in 1965; and second, the expansion of federal funding for local family planning programs from 1964 to 1973. Building on previous research that demonstrates both policies' effects on fertility rates, I find suggestive evidence that individuals' access to contraceptives increased their children's college completion, labor force participation, wages, and family incomes decades later.Family planning policies, defined in this paper as those increasing legal or financial access to modern contraceptives and related education and medical services, have grown increasingly controversial over the last decade. 1 In 2010 and 2011, congressional Republicans supported proposals to cut family planning funding through Title X of the Public Health Service Act, which funds U.S. family planning clinics serving over 4 million women (Cohen 2011). This represents a significant departure from the bipartisan support enjoyed by these programs over the last 40 years. The first legislation authorizing a national family planning program passed in 1970 with the strong support of Republican President Richard Nixon. In fact, public opinion surveys indicate that support for family planning programs was stronger at that time among Republicans than among Democrats. 2 Much of the current debate surrounding family planning focuses on women's reproductive rights and health. In the 1960s, however, proponents of these programs often emphasized their links to the economy. Both President Lyndon Johnson and President Nixon stressed how family planning programs would promote the opportunities of children and families and thus drive economic growth. This reasoning is consistent with a long theoretical tradition in economics, including standard formulations of the quantity-quality models of investments in children (Becker and Lewis 1973, Willis 1973, Hotz, Klerman, and Willis 1997 Contact Information: Department of Economics, University of Michigan, 611 Tappan Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; baileymj@umich.edu. 1 In this paper I do not consider the effects of policies regarding abortion. I refer the interested reader to the large literature in economics on this topic. See, for instance, Levine and others (1999), Gruber, Levine, and Staiger (1999), Donahue and Levitt (2001), Charles and Stephens (2006), Foote and Goetz (2008), and Ananat and others (2009). 2 Today the situation is reversed, with Democrats slightly more favorable. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptBrookings Pap Econ Act. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 October 20. Published in final edited form as:Bro...

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“…Studies examining the determinants of birth weights or fetal and neonatal mortality therefore typically focus on whether care is provided in the first trimester, or on the number of months from the beginning of pregnancy until prenatal care is first received (e.g. Rosenzweig and Schultz, 1983;Grossman and Joyce, 1990;Frank et. al., 1992;or Warner, 1995). infrastructure and most lifestyle choices are unlikely to be affected by parental leave entitlements but may be correlated with them, and so need to be controlled for in the analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental leave and child health

Ruhm

2000

Journal of Health Economics

351

177

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Abstract:This study investigates whether rights to parental leave improve pediatric health. Aggregate data are used for 16 European countries over the 1969 through 1994 period. More generous paid leave is found to reduce deaths of infants and young children. The magnitudes of the estimated effects are substantial, especially where a causal effect of leave is most plausible. In particular, there is a much stronger negative relationship between leave durations and post-neonatal or child fatalities than for perinatal mortality, neonatal deaths, or low birth weight. The evidence further suggests that parental leave may be a cost-effective method of bettering child health.

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Unobservables, Pregnancy Resolutions, and Birth Weight Production Functions in New York City

Cited by 186 publications

References 16 publications

The Effect of Prenatal Stress on Birth Weight: Evidence from the al-Aqsa Intifada

The Effect of Prenatal Stress on Birth Weight: Evidence from the al-Aqsa Intifada

Fifty Years of Family Planning: New Evidence on the Long-Run Effects of Increasing Access to Contraception

Parental leave and child health

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