Purpose of review
The aim of this review was to highlight important articles in the
field of prostate cancer (PC) screening published during 2015 and early
2016. Four major areas were identified: 1. screening strategies; 2. post
USPSTF 2011–2012; 3. screening trends/patterns; and 4. shared
decision making (SDM).
Recent findings
Several studies furthered the evidence that screening reduces the
risk of metastasis and death from PC. Multiplex screening strategies are of
proven benefit; genetics and MRI need further evaluation. PSA screening
rates declined in men above age 50 as did the overall PC incidence following
the USPSTF 2011–2012 recommendation against PSA. The consequences of
declining screening rates will become apparent in the next few years. More
research is needed to identify the most optimal approach to engage in, and
implement, effective SDM in clinical practice.
Summary
Data emerging in 2015 provided evidence on the question of how best
to screen and brought more steps in the right direction of
“next-generation PC screening”. Screening is ongoing in all
men regardless of whether they might benefit from early detection and
treatment or not. After the USPSTF 2011–2012 recommendation the
rates of PSA testing are declining, however this decline is observed in all
men and not solely in those who will not benefit. The long-term effect of
this recommendation might not be as anticipated. More studies are needed on
how to implement the best available evidence on who, and when, to screen
into clinical practice.