Unpacking urban: towards common definition

Abstract

The lack of a universally accepted definition of the term “urban” has led to inconsistencies and challenges in the fields of research, policy, and practice. This paper addresses this problem by conducting a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of the concept of “urban”. By understanding the significance of a clear definition of “urban”, this study aims to facilitate better communication and comprehension among practitioners, policymakers, and researchers working in the field. The paper begins by tracing the historical origins of the urban concept and the factors contributing to the development of urban areas. It then examines the traditional, functional, social, and cultural approaches used to define urban areas, while also discussing the challenges and limitations of these definitions. The analysis reveals that a place can be identified as “urban” if it has a diverse and complex social structure, a vibrant economy, and a high concentration of facilities and cultural activities. The characteristics of an urban area may include diversified population, densely built environment, and an emphasis on business, leisure, and other forms of cultural expression. Despite grappling with issues such as pollution, crime, and social injustice, urban areas often embody creativity, inventiveness, and a fast-paced lifestyle. A comprehensive definition of the term “urban” may also contribute to the development of a widely accepted definition of “rural”, as the two terms are often considered opposites.