Unprecedented rise in dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh

Hsan, Kamrul; Hossain, M. Ibrahim; Sarwar, Shanjid; Wilder‐Smith, Annelies; Gozal, David

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30616-4

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The current health system and the underlying healthcare infrastructure in Bangladesh are both considerably neglected and underdeveloped 64 . In recent times, the health system has struggled to deal with a recurring seasonal dengue outbreak that has been occurring regularly and increasing in severity since the turn of the century 65,66 . A review of the healthcare system in Bangladesh 67 revealed that non‐transparent and corrupt practices, as well as ineffective oversight mechanisms, failed to uphold the safety of citizens and left them vulnerable to malpractice within the system 64 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic assessment on COVID‐19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh

Biswas

Huq

Afiaz

et al. 2020

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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Rationale, aims, and objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has overpowered the most advanced health systems worldwide with thousands of daily deaths. The current study conducted a situation analysis on the pandemic preparedness of Bangladesh and provided recommendations on the transition to the new reality and gradual restoration of normalcy. Method: A complex adaptive system (CAS) framework was theorized based on four structural dimensions obtained from the crisis and complexity theory to help evaluate the health system of Bangladesh. Data sourced from published reports from the government, non-governmental organizations, and mainstream media up to June 15, 2020 were used to conduct a qualitative analysis and visualize the spatial distribution of countrywide COVID-19 cases. Results: The findings suggested that Bangladesh severely lacked the preparedness to tackle the spread of COVID-19 with both short-and long-term implications for health, the economy, and good governance. Absence of planning and coordination, disproportionate resource allocations, challenged infrastructure, adherence to bureaucratic delay, lack of synchronized risk communication, failing leadership of concerned authorities, and incoherent decision-making have led to a precarious situation that will have dire ramifications causing many uncertainties in the coming days. Conclusions: Implementation of response protocols addressing the needs of the community and the stakeholders from the central level is urgently needed. The development of mechanisms for dynamic decision-making based on regular feedback and long-term planning for a smooth transition between the new reality and normalcy should also be urgently addressed in Bangladesh.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic assessment on COVID‐19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh

Biswas

Huq

Afiaz

et al. 2020

Evaluation Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A number of outbreaks of dengue occurred in Bangladesh, mostly affecting Dhaka, the capital city and the central region. Though the exact cause is unknown, it is likely that increased air connectivity with the dengue-prevalent South Asian countries [ 21 ], the climate change, unplanned urbanization and construction works, high density of population, and incapable health care system [ 22 ], humid weather, availability of source of mosquito breeding (stagnant clean water, especially during and just after the rainy season) poor drainage system, poor mosquito control measures, and unconsciousness of the city dwellers could have contributed to the epidemics in the city. A nationwide sero-prevalence study reported much lower prevalence in the northern region of the country compared to the central region and most of these cases were suspected to be referred from endemic zones [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue epidemic in a non-endemic zone of Bangladesh: Clinical and laboratory profiles of patients

Rafi

Mousumi²,

Ahmed

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Backgrounds Approximately, half of the population in the world including tropical and sub-tropical climates region is at risk of dengue. Being an endemic country, Bangladesh has experienced the largest dengue epidemic in 2019. The present study aimed at evaluating the clinical and laboratory profile of dengue patients in northern Bangladesh during the epidemic. Methods This cross-sectional study included 319 serologically confirmed dengue patients admitted in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital in Bogra district. It is one of the main tertiary care hospitals in northern Bangladesh. Data were collected from July to September 2019. Patients’ clinical and laboratory data were extracted from clinical records. Patients were classified into two classes according to the WHO 2009 dengue classification such as (i) non-severe dengue and (ii) severe dengue. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used in this study. Results Of the 319 patients, 94.1% had non-severe dengue and the remaining 5.9% had severe dengue (severe plasma leakage 68.4%, severe organ involvement 68.4%, and severe clinical bleeding 10.5%). Most of the patients were suffering from primary dengue infection. The most common clinical presentation was fever followed by headache and myalgia. Vomiting and abdominal pain were the most prevalent warning signs. The common hematological findings on admission were leukopenia (63.3%), thrombocytopenia (30.4%) and increased hematocrit (26.6%). Raised serum ALT or AST was observed in 14.1% cases whereas raised serum creatinine was observed in 6.6% cases. Signs of plasma leakage (pleural effusion, respiratory distress, and ascites, rise of hematocrit >20% during hospital stay) and hepatic or renal involvement (serum ALT >42UI/L or serum creatinine >1.2 mg/dL) on admission were mostly associated with severe dengue. Conclusion The study provides clinical evidence on presentation as well as hematological and biochemical profile of dengue patients in northern Bangladesh that should be implicated in effective patient management.

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“…Soon after dengue had become endemic in several regions throughout the years, by the end of 2016, countries such as China, Malaysia and Singapore had reported about 2,91,964 cases [121]. Also, the cases of dengue had spiked ever since its first outbreak with DEN-3 during the year 2000, in Bangladesh [122,123].…”

Section: Dengue In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue Outbreak is a Global Recurrent Crisis: Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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This review features a generalized overview of dengue outbreaks, dengue pathogenesis, symptoms, immune response, diagnosis methods and preventive measures which facilitates the better understanding of the global expansion and concerns relating to the disease. Recent Findings: A recent study showed that natural killer cells of the infected person become activated soon after the infection which may help in treatment and vaccine development. A research team has also produced synthetically engineered mosquitoes that can prevent the transmission and dissemination of the dengue virus by the activation of an antibody. Furthermore, a mutation in the protein envelope of the dengue virus leads to variation in shapes, developing resistance towards the vaccine. Summary: The increasing number of reported cases indicated the worldwide distribution of the mosquito vectors, which was further facilitated by the growth in the shipping and commerce industries. The immune system, through activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses, facilitates the recruitment of an array of leukocytes which help neutralize the virus. However, the 4 different viral serotypes increases the risk of a life-threatening secondary infection due to the varying serotypes. Apart from the laboratory standard PRNT method, several other dengue detection methods such as ELISA, RT-LAMP and several optical, microfluidic and electrochemical methods have been developed. Since Dengvaxia® (CYD-TDV) has its own set of drawbacks and limitations, several companies have been investing for the production of more potential vaccines that are currently in trial.

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Unprecedented rise in dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh

Cited by 59 publications

References 5 publications

A systematic assessment on COVID‐19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh

A systematic assessment on COVID‐19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh

Dengue epidemic in a non-endemic zone of Bangladesh: Clinical and laboratory profiles of patients

Dengue Outbreak is a Global Recurrent Crisis: Review of the Literature

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