Unprocessed whole flaxseed is as effective as dry-rolled flaxseed at increasing α-linolenic acid concentration in milk of dairy cows

Oba, M.; Thangavelu, Govindarajan; Dehghan-Banadaky, M.; Ambrose, D.J.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.07.012

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In contrast, according to Kennelly (1996) feeding PUFA, which is protected against ruminal biohydrogenation, increases their proportion in milk. The hard seedcoat of whole linseed may effectively protect alpha-linoleic acid from ruminal biohydrogenation (Givens et al, 2009;Oba et al, 2009). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Manipulation to Increase the Concentration of N-3 Fatty Acids in Milk Fat

Süli¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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Abstract. Linseed is an excellent source of PUFA, especially linolenic acid (18:3n-3), but it is not commonly used in dairy diet in Hungary. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the supplemented whole linseed on fatty acid profile of milk fat, with particular reference to health promoting components (α-linolenic acid). A total of thirty multiparous Holstein cows were used in two dairy farms to determine the effect of feeding whole linseed rich in linolenic (C18:3) fatty acids on fatty acid composition of milk fat. The experiment was conducted on two large-scale dairy farms located in Hajdú-Bihar County (referred to as farm "A" and "B"). Fifteen multiparous Holstein-Friesian (165 average days in milk) on farm A and fifteen multiparous Holstein-Friesian (200 average days in milk) on farm B were randomly allocated to treatment groups to investigate the effect of whole linseed supplementation on the composition of fatty acids of milk fat. The group on farm A and B fed TMR based maize silage without whole linseed during the control-period. In the experimental-period the cows received the same TMR on both farms, but it was supplemented with 2.60% DM of whole linseed on farm A, and 2.16% DM of whole linseed on farm B. The experimental period was four weeks in both farms. The supplementation of whole linseed had no effect (P > 0.05) on the short chain saturated fatty acid (SFA), and most of the medium chain saturated fatty acid. During the trial the oleic acid (18:1c) content in milk fat significantly increased (21.33% at the start, 24.71% after 2 weeks and 22.51% after 4 weeks on farm B, respectively). The proportion of α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) increased (P > 0.05) during the experimental period compared to the control period (0.23% at the start, 0.58% after 2 weeks and 0.59% after 4 weeks on farm B). The concentration of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid) significantly increased in milk fat after 4 weeks on both farms. The n-6/n-3 ratio narrowed from 13.52:1 to 3.83:1 and 3.69:1 on farm B, respectively, but this result was not significant. This study concluded that dietary supplementation of whole linseed decreased the proportion of some SFA and increased the proportion of some MUFA and PUFA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Manipulation to Increase the Concentration of N-3 Fatty Acids in Milk Fat

Süli¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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“…Feeding diets with 12% ground compared with diets with 12% whole flaxseed increased total tract digestibilities of dietary crude protein and ether extract, but decreased digestibility of dietary acid detergent fibre when fed to dairy cows in the early stage of lactation (da Silva et al 2007). Similarly, feeding rolled compared with whole flaxseed at 10% of the dry matter increased total tract digestibility of ether extract with no effect on total tract digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre of the diet (Oba et al 2009). Reduced fibre digestibility is associated with processes such as grinding (Scott et al 1991) and is consistent with the increased release of oil from the seed into the rumen (Murphy et al 1990), which contributes to increase digestibility of fat (da Silva et al 2007).…”

Section: Feed Intake and Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In contrast, milk lactose concentration decreased when feeding diets of 11.8% whole flaxseed to dairy cows in the mid stage of lactation and increased compared with feeding calcium salts of palm oil, although there was no difference between feeding whole flaxseed and micronized soybeans (Petit 2002). Milk lactose concentration was not affected by grinding (Collomb et al 2004;da Silva et al 2007) and rolling (Khorasani and Kennelly 1994;Oba et al 2009) when flaxseed was fed in diets at 7 to 10% of the dry matter. Similarly, extrusion has no effect (Martin et al 2008).…”

Section: Lactosementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Flaxseed fed at 10% of the diet resulted in a similar milk fat concentration and milk fat yield when supplemented as ground, rolled, and whole flaxseed (Khorasani and Kennelly 1994; Kennelly 1996;Oba et al 2009). Moreover, feeding 1.0 or 1.4 kg (5.1 and 7.5% of the DM, respectively) of ground flaxseed had no effect on the concentration of milk fat of cows fed a high forage diet compared with a control diet with no flaxseed (Collomb et al 2004).…”

Section: Milk Composition and Yield Of Milk Components Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding diets of rolled flaxseed to dairy cows in the early stage of lactation (Khorasani and Kennelly 1994) and ground flaxseed to dairy cows in the mid (Collomb et al 2004) or late (Gonthier et al 2005) stages of lactation resulted in similar milk protein concentrations compared with cows fed a control diet with no flaxseed (Table 2). Moreover, cows fed diets of whole or rolled flaxseed added at 10% of the dry matter had similar milk protein concentrations (Oba et al 2009). Micronization (Soita et al 2003;Gonthier et al 2005) and extrusion (Gonthier et al 2005;Martin et al 2008) treatments have had no effect on milk protein concentration when flaxseed was added at less than of 10% of the dry matter.…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Feed intake, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed

Petit¹

2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 115Á127. Flaxseed contains approximately 55% of total fatty acids of the oil as a-linolenic acid and is rich in lignans, which are strong antioxidants. Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants are known to have beneficial effects on human health such as a decrease in the incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and arthritis. Flaxseed could then be an interesting natural feed to consider for changing milk composition. Cyanogenic glycosides (linustatin and neolinustatin) are present in flaxseed, but the concentration of hydrocyanic acid is very low in milk and ruminal fluid of cows fed flaxseed products. In general, feeding up to 15% of the total dry matter as whole flaxseed has a limited effect on dry matter intake. Heat treatments such as micronization and extrusion have no effect on dry matter intake and the effect of formaldehyde treatment on feed intake is unclear. The effects of flaxseed supplementation on milk production of dairy cows in the early stage of lactation have been neutral. Diet supplementation with whole flaxseed has had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows in the mid or late stages of lactation. Physical processing of flaxseed increased milk production although heat treatment did not. Results on the effect of flaxseed processing on overall milk fat concentration have been controversial, but heat and formaldehyde treatments had no effect. Flaxseed supplementation had no effect on milk fat and protein concentrations, and processing of flaxseed had little effect. The extent of change in the concentration of fatty acids in milk is generally proportional to the level of inclusion of flaxseed in the diet. In conclusion, feeding flaxseed does not affect milk production or composition in the large majority of studies, but its long-term effects on health of cows and productivity still need to be determined.

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Milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, and blood composition of dairy cows fed whole or ground flaxseed in the first half of lactation

Petit

Côrtes

2010

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Unprocessed whole flaxseed is as effective as dry-rolled flaxseed at increasing α-linolenic acid concentration in milk of dairy cows

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Dietary Manipulation to Increase the Concentration of N-3 Fatty Acids in Milk Fat

Dietary Manipulation to Increase the Concentration of N-3 Fatty Acids in Milk Fat

Review: Feed intake, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed

Milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, and blood composition of dairy cows fed whole or ground flaxseed in the first half of lactation

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